linux下用多线程实现socket服务器和客户端的异步通信

前面介绍了用select函数来实现socket的异步收发数据，但是select函数也有一些缺陷，要使socket能持续地通信，select必须不停地检测，这样进程就会一直阻塞在这里，限制了功能的扩展，这里我们用多线程的方式，另创建两个线程用来发送/接收数据，即可解决这个问题，代码如下：
服务器 server.c

    #include <stdio.h>  
    #include <stdlib.h>  
    #include <string.h>  
    #include <unistd.h>  
    #include <errno.h>  
    #include <sys/types.h>  
    #include <sys/socket.h>  
    #include <netinet/in.h>  
    #include <arpa/inet.h>  
    #include <pthread.h>  

    void* recvsocket(void *ptr)  
    {  
        int fd = *(int *)ptr;  
        char str[1024];  

        while (1)  
        {  
            memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));  
            int numbytes = recv(fd, s, sizeof(str), 0);  
            if (numbytes <= 0)  
                break;  
            printf("%s\n", str);  
        }  
        return NULL;  
    }  

    void* sendsocket(void *ptr)  
    {  
        int fd = *(int *)ptr;  
        char str[1024];  

        while (1)  
        {  
            memset(s, 0, sizeof(str));  
            read(STDIN_FILENO, str, sizeof(str));  
            send(fd, str, strlen(str), 0);  
        }  

        return NULL;  
    }  


    int main(int arg, char *args[])  
    {  




        int port = 1234;  
        int st = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); 



    int opt = SO_REUSEADDR;
    setsockopt(st, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));

        struct sockaddr_in addr; 
        memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));  
        addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 
        addr.sin_port = htons(port);  
        addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); 


        if (bind(st, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)  
        {  
            printf("bind failed %s\n", strerror(errno));  
            return EXIT_FAILURE;  
        }  


        if (listen(st, 20) == -1)  
        {  
            printf("listen failed %s\n", strerror(errno));  
            return EXIT_FAILURE;  
        }  
        printf("listen success\n");  




        int client_st = 0;  
        struct sockaddr_in client_addr;

        pthread_t thrd1, thrd2;  
        while (1)  
        {  
            memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr));  
            socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);  
        printf("waiting for client.......\n");
            client_st = accept(st, (struct sockaddr*) &client_addr, &len);  
            if (client_st == -1)  
            {  
                printf("accept failed %s\n", strerror(errno));  
                return EXIT_FAILURE;  
            }  
            printf("accept by %s\n", inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));  
            pthread_create(&thrd1, NULL, recvsocket, &client_st);  
            pthread_create(&thrd2, NULL, sendsocket, &client_st);  
        }  
        close(st);  
        return 0;  
    }  

客户端 client.c

    #include <stdio.h>  
    #include <stdlib.h>  
    #include <string.h>  
    #include <unistd.h>  
    #include <errno.h>  
    #include <sys/types.h>  
    #include <sys/socket.h>  
    #include <netinet/in.h>  
    #include <arpa/inet.h>  
    #include <pthread.h>  

    void* recvsocket(void *ptr)  
    {  
        int fd = *(int *)ptr;  
        char str[1024];  

        while (1)  
        {  
            memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));  
            int numbytes = recv(fd, s, sizeof(str), 0);  
            if (numbytes <= 0)  
                break;  
            printf("%s\n", str);  
        }  
        return NULL;  
    }  

    void* sendsocket(void *ptr)  
    {  
        int fd = *(int *)ptr;  
        char str[1024];  

        while (1)  
        {  
            memset(s, 0, sizeof(str));  
            read(STDIN_FILENO, str, sizeof(str));  
            send(fd, str, strlen(str), 0);  
        }  

        return NULL;  
    }  
    int main(int arg, char *args[])  
    {  




        int port = 1234;  
        int st = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); 



    int opt = SO_REUSEADDR;
    setsockopt(st, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));

        struct sockaddr_in addr; 
        memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));  
        addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 
        addr.sin_port = htons(port);  
        addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); 


        if (bind(st, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)  
        {  
            printf("bind failed %s\n", strerror(errno));  
            return EXIT_FAILURE;  
        }  


        if (listen(st, 20) == -1)  
        {  
            printf("listen failed %s\n", strerror(errno));  
            return EXIT_FAILURE;  
        }  
        printf("listen success\n");  




        int client_st = 0;  
        struct sockaddr_in client_addr;

        pthread_t thrd1, thrd2;  
        while (1)  
        {  
            memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr));  
            socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);  
        printf("waiting for client.......\n");
            client_st = accept(st, (struct sockaddr*) &client_addr, &len);  
            if (client_st == -1)  
            {  
                printf("accept failed %s\n", strerror(errno));  
                return EXIT_FAILURE;  
            }  
            printf("accept by %s\n", inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));  
            pthread_create(&thrd1, NULL, recvsocket, &client_st);  
            pthread_create(&thrd2, NULL, sendsocket, &client_st);  
        }  
        close(st);  
        return 0;  
    }        

创建两个线程并发、并行地工作，分别进行发送/接收数据，（其实仅用创建一个线程，在主线程也可以完成相应的发送和接收），但是这样也有一个缺点，那就是如果要在异步通信程序上扩展其他的功能，那么接收数据的工作最好全部由接收数据的线程来完成，因为如果在其他线程中加入recv语句接收数据，那么线程之间会争抢资源，这样就无法判断是哪一个线程接收到了数据。