Centos7安装MYSQL

通过yum安装 官网
总体步骤分三步：

1.添加MySQL相关yum源

将mysql的yum源添加到本地yum仓库列表，需要做下面三件事。

a.下载yum源安装包

sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

b.安装yum源

 sudo yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

安装完成，可以通过下面命令查看,可以看到已经成功添加相关仓库列表。

[xiaomao@bt soft]$ yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 175
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      120
mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server                 211

查看仓库中mysql的版本

[xiaomao@bt soft]$  yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community - disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64  MySQL Connectors Community    enabled:    175
mysql-connectors-community-source  MySQL Connectors Community -  disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64       MySQL Tools Community         enabled:    120
mysql-tools-community-source       MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64         MySQL Tools Preview           disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source         MySQL Tools Preview - Source  disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.5 Community Server    disabled
mysql55-community-source           MySQL 5.5 Community Server -  disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.6 Community Server    disabled
mysql56-community-source           MySQL 5.6 Community Server -  disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.7 Community Server    disabled
mysql57-community-source           MySQL 5.7 Community Server -  disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64           MySQL 8.0 Community Server    enabled:    211
mysql80-community-source           MySQL 8.0 Community Server -  disabled

2.配置需要的版本

编辑配置文件：/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo （默认会启用最新的版本)

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

enable=1 //表示启用
enable=0 //表示禁止

启用自己想安装的版本后报存

3.开始下载安装：

 sudo yum install mysql-community-server

报错：

报错原文
Public key for mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
Failing package is: mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

Mysql安装失败
操作系统：CentOS 7.6
Mysql版本：mysql5.7
CentOS7.6 安装mysql5.7的时候报错，提示某一个包安装不成功。

失败原因
GPG对于包的源key的验证没有通过

解决办法
在yum install 版本后面加上 --nogpgcheck，即可绕过GPG验证成功安装。比如yum install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

4.启动Mysql：

sudo service mysqld start
sudo systemctl start mysqld.service   //此语法是EL7以上 
# 如果报错：先进行授权
chmod -R 777 /var/lib/mysql

查看启动状态：

sudo service mysqld status	
sudo systemctl status mysqld.service //EL7 preferred 

5.初始用户：

启动mysql后，会默认创建一个 root@localhost用户，密码可以通过如下命令查看(g6atVjN1!,yJ)：
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log  
#如果上面查看没有密码，说明没有初始密码，直接回车就能登录
一般密码比较复杂,通过如下命令重置新密码：
mysql -uroot -p    //先登录

set password=password("root@123A"); //修改密码

或通过该语句也可修改密码：
 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root@123B';

6.配置可以远程连接数据库：

update user set host="%" where user="root"；
flush privileges; //更新

上述操作一般完成就可以，如果不行，再执行下面的授权操作。
授权：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
重载授权表：
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

7.Mysql8.0相关注意：

• 加密规则改变，用客户端连接出错，比如用navicat连接：

Client does not support authentication protocol requested by server.....
Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded

查看数据库加密插件：

--5.7版本中可以看到加密采用的是：mysql_native_password
--8.0中是caching_sha2_password
select user,host,plugin from user;

为了兼容，修改8.0的加密方式（也可以升级客户端）：

-- 修改密码为永不过期
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

-- 修改密码并指定加密规则为mysql_native_password
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

-- 刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

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