第二章:变量和简单数据类型
使用方法修改字符串的大小写
title()方法,以首字母大写的方式显示每个单词
name = 'ada Lovelace'
print(name.title())
upper()方法,字符串改为全部大写
lower()方法,字符串改为全部小写
name = 'ada Lovelace'
print(name.upper())
print(name.lower())
字符串的拼接
python使用 + 来合并字符串
first_name = "ada"
last_name = "lovelace"
full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
message = "Hello, " + full_name.title() + "!"
print(message)
使用制表符或换行符来添加空白
- 字符串中添加制表符,可以使用\t
- 字符串中添加换行符,可以使用\n
删除空白
- rstrip() 删除右边的空白
- lstrip() 删除左边的空白
- strip() 删除两边的空白
注意: 这三个方法都只是临时删除,不能改变原有的变量值,要永久删除字符串中的空白,必须将删除操作的结果存回到变量中
>>> favorite_language = ' python '
>>> favorite_language
' python '
>>> favorite_language.lstrip()
'python '
>>> favorite_language.rstrip()
' python'
>>> favorite_language.strip()
'python'
>>> favorite_language
' python '
>>> favorite_language = favorite_language.strip()
>>> favorite_language
'python'
使用字符串时避免语法错误
message = "One of Python's strengths is its diverse community."
print(message)
如果字符串使用单引号括起来,字符串中的单引号就必须转义,不然,python将无法正确地确定字符串的结束位置
message = 'One of Python\'s strengths is its diverse community.'
print(message)
基本运算
>>> 2 + 3
5
>>> 3 - 2
1
>>> 2 * 3
6
>>> 3 / 2
1.5
>>> 3 ** 3
27
>>> 2 + 3 * 4
14
>>> (2 + 3) * 4
20
>>> 2 * 0.1
0.2
>>> 0.2 + 0.1
0.30000000000000004
>>> 0.1 * 0.1
0.010000000000000002
注意: 浮点数的计算,结果包含的小数位数可能是不确定的。
使用函数str()避免类型错误
age = 23
message = "Happy " + age +"rd Birthday!"
print(message)
运行上述代码会出现报错:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/bruce/文档/pywork/birthday.py", line 2, in <module>
message = "Happy " + age +"rd Birthday!"
TypeError: must be str, not int
这是一个类型错误,意味着Python无法识别你使用的信息。在这个示例中,Python发现你使用了一个值为整数的变量,但它不知道该如何解读这个值。像上面这样在字符串中使用整数时,需要显式地指出你希望Python将这个整数用作字符串。为此,可调用函数str(),它让Python将非字符串值表示为字符串:
age = 23
message = "Happy " + str(age) + "rd Birthday!"
print(message)
习题
2-1
message = "This is a test!"
print(message)
2-2
message = "This is a test!"
print(message)
message = "Test again!"
print(message)
2-3
name = "Bruce"
print("Hello " + name + ",would you like to learn some Python today?")
2-4
name = "Bruce zhang"
print(name.lower())
print(name.upper())
print(name.title())
2-5
print('Lei Jun once said,"How are you Indian Mi fan?Do you like Mi 4i?"')
2-6
famous_person = "Lei Jun"
message = famous_person + ' once said,"How are you Indian Mi fan?Do you likde Mi 4i?"'
print(message)
2-7
# 在终端演示效果更加明显
name = "\n\tBruce\t\n\n"
print(name)
print(name.lstrip())
print(name.rstrip())
print(name.strip())
2-8
print(3 + 5)
print(2 * 4)
print(16 / 2)
print(2 ** 3)
2-9
favorite_number = 20
message = "My favorite number is "+ str(favorite_number) + "!"
print(message)