[开发杂项][编译][C/C++]pkg-config & cmake & configure

why

hard to integrate libraries
—> .pc file provide meta data

prefix=/usr/local
exec_prefix=${prefix}
includedir=${prefix}/include
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib

Name: foo
Description: The foo library
Version: 1.0.0
Cflags: -I${includedir}/foo
Libs: -L${libdir} -lfoo

use .pc

Assuming that there are .pc files installed on the system,
the pkg-config tool is used to extract the metadata for usage.

$ pkg-config --help
$ pkg-config --modversion foo
$ pkg-config --libs foo
$ pkg-config --libs --static bar
$ pkg-config --cflags bar
$ pkg-config --exists foo
$ pkg-config --libs "bar >= 2.7"
$ pkg-config --exists --print-errors xoxo

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

autoconf macro

PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG([MIN-VERSION]): 
	Locates the pkg-config tool on the system and checks the version for compatibility.
PKG_CHECK_EXISTS(MODULES, [ACTION-IF-FOUND], [ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND]): 
	Checks to see whether a particular set of modules exists.
PKG_CHECK_MODULES(VARIABLE-PREFIX, MODULES, [ACTION-IF-FOUND], [ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND]): 
	Checks to see whether a particular set of modules exists. If so, it sets <VARIABLE-PREFIX>_CFLAGS and <VARIABLE-PREFIX>_LIBS according to the output from pkg-config --cflags and pkg-config --libs.

comon usage pattern

common usage pattern: gcc

cc `pkg-config --cflags --libs x` -o myapp myapp.c

common usage pattern: autoconf & automake

configure.ac:

PKG_CHECK_MODULES([X], [x])

Makefile.am:

myapp_CFLAGS = $(X_CFLAGS)
myapp_LDADD = $(X_LIBS)

common usage pattern: cmake

pkg_check_modules(<PREFIX> [REQUIRED] [QUIET] <MODULE> [<MODULE>]*)
  checks for all the given modules
pkg_search_module(<PREFIX> [REQUIRED] [QUIET] <MODULE> [<MODULE>]*)
  checks for given modules and uses the first working one

It sets the following variables:

PKG_CONFIG_FOUND          ... if pkg-config executable was found
PKG_CONFIG_EXECUTABLE     ... pathname of the pkg-config program
PKG_CONFIG_VERSION_STRING ... the version of the pkg-config program found
                              (since CMake 2.8.8)
<XPREFIX>_FOUND          ... set to 1 if module(s) exist
<XPREFIX>_LIBRARIES      ... only the libraries (w/o the '-l')
<XPREFIX>_LIBRARY_DIRS   ... the paths of the libraries (w/o the '-L')
<XPREFIX>_LDFLAGS        ... all required linker flags
<XPREFIX>_LDFLAGS_OTHER  ... all other linker flags
<XPREFIX>_INCLUDE_DIRS   ... the '-I' preprocessor flags (w/o the '-I')
<XPREFIX>_CFLAGS         ... all required cflags
<XPREFIX>_CFLAGS_OTHER   ... the other compiler flags

<XPREFIX> = <PREFIX>        for common case
<XPREFIX> = <PREFIX>_STATIC for static linking

<XPREFIX>_VERSION    ... version of the module
<XPREFIX>_PREFIX     ... prefix-directory of the module
<XPREFIX>_INCLUDEDIR ... include-dir of the module
<XPREFIX>_LIBDIR     ... lib-dir of the module

<XPREFIX> = <PREFIX>  when |MODULES| == 1, else
<XPREFIX> = <PREFIX>_<MODNAME>

pkg_check_modules (GLIB2   glib-2.0>=2.10)
  requires at least version 2.10 of glib2 and defines e.g.
    GLIB2_VERSION=2.10.3
pkg_check_modules (FOO     glib-2.0>=2.10 gtk+-2.0)
  requires both glib2 and gtk2, and defines e.g.
    FOO_glib-2.0_VERSION=2.10.3
    FOO_gtk+-2.0_VERSION=2.8.20

refs

https://people.freedesktop.org/~dbn/pkg-config-guide.html
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.0/module/FindPkgConfig.html