设计模式之接口隔离原则

基本介绍

客户端不应该依赖它不需要的接口，即一个类对另外一个类的依赖应该建立在最小的接口上。

改造前：

改造前，如下UML图所示

代码实现：

public interface Interface1 {

​    void operation1();

​    void operation2();

​    void operation3();

​    void operation4();

​    void operation5();

}

public class B implements Interface1 {

​    @Override
​    public void operation1() {

​        System.out.println("B 实现了operation1");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation2() {

​        System.out.println("B 实现了operation2");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation3() {

​        System.out.println("B 实现了operation3");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation4() {

​        System.out.println("B 实现了operation4");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation5() {

​        System.out.println("B 实现了operation5");

​    }

}

public class D implements Interface1 {

​    @Override
​    public void operation1() {

​        System.out.println("D 实现了operation1");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation2() {

​        System.out.println("D 实现了operation2");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation3() {

​        System.out.println("D 实现了operation3");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation4() {

​        System.out.println("D 实现了operation4");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation5() {

​        System.out.println("D 实现了operation5");

​    }

}



public class A {

​    public void depend1(Interface1 inteface1){

​        inteface1.operation1();

​    }

​    public void depend2(Interface1 inteface1){

​        inteface1.operation2();

​    }

​    public void depend3(Interface1 inteface1){

​        inteface1.operation3();

​    }
}

public class C {

​    public void depend1(Interface1 inteface1){

​        inteface1.operation1();

​    }

​    public void depend4(Interface1 inteface1){

​        inteface1.operation4();

​    }

​    public void depend5(Interface1 inteface1){

​        inteface1.operation5();

​    }

}

类A通过接口Interface1依赖类B，类C通过接口Interface1依赖类D。如果接口Interface1对于类A和类C来说不是最小接口，那么类B和类D必须去实现他们不需要的方法。

按照接口隔离原则应当如下处理：

将接口Interface1拆分成几个接口（这里我们拆分成3个接口），类Ａ和类Ｃ分别与他们需要的接口建立依赖关系。

改造后：

改进的UML类图如下：

改进后的代码如下：

public interface Interface1 {

​    void operation1();

}

public interface Interface2 {

​    void operation2();

​    void operation3();

}

public interface Interface3 {

​    void operation4();

​    void operation5();

}

public class B implements Interface1,Interface2 {

​    @Override
​    public void operation1() {

​        System.out.println("B 实现了operation1");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation2() {

​        System.out.println("B 实现了operation2");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation3() {

​        System.out.println("B 实现了operation3");

​    }
}



public class D implements Interface1,Interface3 {

​    @Override
​    public void operation1() {

​        System.out.println("D 实现了operation1");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation4() {

​        System.out.println("D 实现了operation4");

​    }

​    @Override
​    public void operation5() {

​        System.out.println("D 实现了operation5");

​    }
}



public class A {

​    public void depend1(Interface1 inteface){

​        inteface.operation1();

​    }

​    public void depend2(Interface2 inteface){

​        inteface.operation2();

​    }

​    public void depend3(Interface2 inteface){

​        inteface.operation3();

​    }

}





public class C {

​    public void depend1(Interface1 inteface){

​        inteface.operation1();

​    }

​    public void depend4(Interface3 inteface){

​        inteface.operation4();

​    }

​    public void depend5(Interface3 inteface){

​        inteface.operation5();

​    }
}

测试代码如下：

public static void main(String[] args) {

​        A a = new A();

​        a.depend1(new B()); //A 类通过接口去依赖(使用)B

​        a.depend2(new B());

​        a.depend3(new B());



​        C c = new C();

​        c.depend1(new D());//C 类通过接口去依赖(使用)D

​        c.depend4(new D());

​        c.depend5(new D());

​    }

代码地址：https://github.com/GilbertXiao/JavaDesignPatterns