Makefile初识

最近要针对项目文件进行整体修改，所以特地了解了makefile的相关内容。首先，makefile是一种在linux下进行项目管理的工具，关于项目的编译，清楚，重编译都可以在makefile中制作，我的小理解就是作为一个自动化部署的工具，你可以把你要写的命令行命令统一写在Makefile中。
关于编译：
这里说几个基本概念，对于makefile中你的写的第一个
target(目标):…
这个编译命令，就是你执行make的命令，即make执行的命令与你的target顺序有关，看下面我写的一段target:

TEAM = NOBODY
VERSION = 1
HANDINDIR = /afs/cs/academic/class/15213-f02/L5/handin
DRIVER = ./sdriver.pl
TSH = ./tsh
TSHREF = ./tshref
TSHARGS = "-p"
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -O2 -g


FILES =  ./myspin ./mysplit ./mystop ./myint

all: tsh $(FILES)

tsh: tsh.c funwitherr.c funwitherr.h jobs.c jobs.h mystring.c mystring.h
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS)  -o tsh tsh.c funwitherr.c jobs.c mystring.c

addition: myspin.c mysplit.c mystop.c myint.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o myspin myspin.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o mysplit mysplit.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o mystop mystop.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o myint myint.c 



##################
# Handin your work
##################
handin:
    cp tsh.c $(HANDINDIR)/$(TEAM)-$(VERSION)-tsh.c


##################
# Regression tests
##################

# Run tests using the student's shell program
test01:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace01.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test02:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace02.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test03:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace03.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test04:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace04.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test05:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace05.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test06:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace06.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test07:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace07.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test08:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace08.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test09:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace09.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test10:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace10.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test11:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace11.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test12:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace12.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test13:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace13.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test14:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace14.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test15:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace15.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
test16:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace16.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)

testall:
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace01.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace02.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace03.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace04.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace05.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace06.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace07.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace08.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace09.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace10.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace11.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace12.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace13.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace14.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace15.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)
    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace16.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)

# Run the tests using the reference shell program
rtest01:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace01.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest02:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace02.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest03:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace03.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest04:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace04.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest05:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace05.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest06:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace06.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest07:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace07.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest08:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace08.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest09:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace09.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest10:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace10.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest11:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace11.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest12:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace12.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest13:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace13.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest14:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace14.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest15:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace15.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)
rtest16:
    $(DRIVER) -t trace16.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)


# clean up
clean:
    rm -f $(FILES) $(TSH)  *.o *~

最开始的CC=…，开始的都是变量的设定。
后面的all:..
tsh:…. additional:…都是一些相关的编译命令。
要执行这些命令，只需要在命令行输入make all ,make tsh , make additional
当然，你如果在shell里输入make 执行的就是all里面的命令，这和你的target的顺序有关
在makelife使用变量的时候，需要用$(变量) 这样的符号来包围变量。
暂时只学了这么多，后面在补充，关于makefile,这里有一个很好资料，在这放出：
http://blog.csdn.net/ruglcc/article/details/7814546/