布局优化

主要通过三个标签

• include

• ViewStub

• merge

include

主要用于抽取相同的布局，比如有多个activity的头部局都相同，可以将头部局抽取出来，例如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"  
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <include layout="@layout/layout_head" />

</RelativeLayout>

源码：

LayoutInflater—->inflate—->parseInclude

private void parseInclude(XmlPullParser parser, Context context, View parent,
        AttributeSet attrs) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
    int type;

    if (parent instanceof ViewGroup) {
        // Apply a theme wrapper, if requested. This is sort of a weird
        // edge case, since developers think the <include> overwrites
        // values in the AttributeSet of the included View. So, if the
        // included View has a theme attribute, we'll need to ignore it.
        final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
        final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
        final boolean hasThemeOverride = themeResId != 0;
        if (hasThemeOverride) {
            context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
        }
        ta.recycle();

        // If the layout is pointing to a theme attribute, we have to
        // massage the value to get a resource identifier out of it.
        int layout = attrs.getAttributeResourceValue(null, ATTR_LAYOUT, 0);
        if (layout == 0) {
            final String value = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, ATTR_LAYOUT);
            if (value == null || value.length() <= 0) {
                throw new InflateException("You must specify a layout in the"
                        + " include tag: <include layout=\"@layout/layoutID\" />");
            }

            // Attempt to resolve the "?attr/name" string to an identifier.
            layout = context.getResources().getIdentifier(value.substring(1), null, null);
        }

        // The layout might be referencing a theme attribute.
        if (mTempValue == null) {
            mTempValue = new TypedValue();
        }
        if (layout != 0 && context.getTheme().resolveAttribute(layout, mTempValue, true)) {
            layout = mTempValue.resourceId;
        }

        if (layout == 0) {
            final String value = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, ATTR_LAYOUT);
            throw new InflateException("You must specify a valid layout "
                    + "reference. The layout ID " + value + " is not valid.");
        } else {
            final XmlResourceParser childParser = context.getResources().getLayout(layout);

            try {
                final AttributeSet childAttrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(childParser);

                while ((type = childParser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty.
                }

                if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                    throw new InflateException(childParser.getPositionDescription() +
                            ": No start tag found!");
                }

                final String childName = childParser.getName();

                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(childName)) {
                    // The <merge> tag doesn't support android:theme, so
                    // nothing special to do here.
                    rInflate(childParser, parent, context, childAttrs, false);
                } else {
                    final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, childName,
                            context, childAttrs, hasThemeOverride);

                    // include标签的parent view  
                    final ViewGroup group = (ViewGroup) parent;

                    final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(
                            attrs, R.styleable.Include);
                    final int id = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.Include_id, View.NO_ID);
                    final int visibility = a.getInt(R.styleable.Include_visibility, -1);
                    a.recycle();

                    // We try to load the layout params set in the <include /> tag.
                    // If the parent can't generate layout params (ex. missing width
                    // or height for the framework ViewGroups, though this is not
                    // necessarily true of all ViewGroups) then we expect it to throw
                    // a runtime exception.
                    // We catch this exception and set localParams accordingly: true
                    // means we successfully loaded layout params from the <include>
                    // tag, false means we need to rely on the included layout params.
                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
                    try {
                        params = group.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                        // Ignore, just fail over to child attrs.
                    }
                    if (params == null) {
                        params = group.generateLayoutParams(childAttrs);
                    }

                    // 被inlcude进来的根view设置布局参数
                    view.setLayoutParams(params);

                    // Inflate all children.
                    rInflateChildren(childParser, view, childAttrs, true);

                    //include中设置的id设置给根view
                    if (id != View.NO_ID) {
                        view.setId(id);
                    }

                    switch (visibility) {
                        case 0:
                            view.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                            break;
                        case 1:
                            view.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            view.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                            break;
                    }

                    group.addView(view);
                }
            } finally {
                childParser.close();
            }
        }
    } else {
        throw new InflateException("<include /> can only be used inside of a ViewGroup");
    }

    LayoutInflater.consumeChildElements(parser);
}

ViewStub

其实ViewStub就是一个宽高都为0的一个View，它默认是不可见的，只有通过调用setVisibility函数或者Inflate函数才会将其要装载的目标布局给加载出来，从而达到延迟加载的效果，

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    setMeasuredDimension(0, 0);
}

   public void setVisibility(int visibility) {
    if (mInflatedViewRef != null) {
        View view = mInflatedViewRef.get();
        if (view != null) {
            view.setVisibility(visibility);
        } else {
            throw new IllegalStateException("setVisibility called on un-referenced view");
        }
    } else {
        super.setVisibility(visibility);
        if (visibility == VISIBLE || visibility == INVISIBLE) {
            inflate();
        }
    }
}

 public View inflate() {
    final ViewParent viewParent = getParent();

    if (viewParent != null && viewParent instanceof ViewGroup) {
        if (mLayoutResource != 0) {
            final ViewGroup parent = (ViewGroup) viewParent;
            final LayoutInflater factory;
            if (mInflater != null) {
                factory = mInflater;
            } else {
                factory = LayoutInflater.from(mContext);
            }
            final View view = factory.inflate(mLayoutResource, parent,
                    false);

            if (mInflatedId != NO_ID) {
                view.setId(mInflatedId);
            }

            final int index = parent.indexOfChild(this);
            parent.removeViewInLayout(this);

            final ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = getLayoutParams();
            if (layoutParams != null) {
                parent.addView(view, index, layoutParams);
            } else {
                parent.addView(view, index);
            }

            mInflatedViewRef = new WeakReference<View>(view);

            if (mInflateListener != null) {
                mInflateListener.onInflate(this, view);
            }

            return view;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ViewStub must have a valid layoutResource");
        }
    } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("ViewStub must have a non-null ViewGroup viewParent");
    }
}

两种方式获取viewstub的布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ViewStub
        android:id="@+id/layout_stub"
        android:layout="@layout/layout_stub"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/layout_btn"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Click"/>

</LinearLayout>

方式一：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) findViewById(R.id.layout_stub);

    if (viewStub != null) {
        //返回的是    android:layout="@layout/layout_stub"  对应布局的根目录
        viewStub.inflate();

    }
}
}

方式二：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) findViewById(R.id.layout_stub);

    viewStub.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

    LinearLayout layout = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout_btn);
}
}

merge

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<merge
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Click"/>
</merge>

其实merge是一个activity

public class Merge extends Activity {
private LinearLayout mLayout;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
    super.onCreate(icicle);

    mLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
    mLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
    LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.merge_tag, mLayout);

    setContentView(mLayout);
}

public ViewGroup getLayout() {
    return mLayout;
}
}

源码实现：

public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
    synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
       ...
            if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                    throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                            + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                }

                rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
            } 
       ...
}

来看一下rInflate实现：

 void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
        AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {

    final int depth = parser.getDepth();
    int type;

    while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
            parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {

        if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
            continue;
        }

        final String name = parser.getName();

        if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
            parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);
        } else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
            parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
        } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
            if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
                throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
            }
            parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
        } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
            throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
        } else {
            final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
            final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
            final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
            rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
            viewGroup.addView(view, params);
        }
    }

    if (finishInflate) {
        parent.onFinishInflate();
    }
}

其实就是如果是merge标签，那么直接将其中的子元素添加到merge标签parent中，这样就保证了不会引入额外的层级。