c++在函数后加const的意义

意义

我们定义的类的成员函数中，常常有一些成员函数不改变类的数据成员，也就是说，这些函数是"只读"函数，而有一些函数要修改类数据成员的值。如果把不改变数据成员的函数都加上const关键字进行标识，显然，可提高程序的可读性。其实，它还能提高程序的可靠性，已定义成const的成员函数，一旦企图修改数据成员的值，则编译器按错误处理。

passing 'const std:: map[*** ’ discards qualifiers [-fpermissive]

const成员函数使用map成员时出现上述错误是因为：
The issue is that you’ve marked the function as const. The operator[] on std::map is marked as non-const, and cannot be used in a const function like this. You need to manually use std::map::find (or other mechanism) to search for the input type and handle the case where it’s not found.

If you’re using C++11, you can instead use std::map::at, which IS allowed to be used on a constant map, and throws an exception if the requested element is not present.

参考：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20277671/c-error-passing-const-stdmapint-stdbasic-stringchar-as-this-ar

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32739503/article/details/83341222?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.nonecase