C++ Traits Design

 简单的小程序，但很精炼，边看边理解

 

/*This program is a  example of traits using.
 *Notice :typename is very useful when ensure the type is type,but not a member
 *
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct cat_tag{};
struct dog_tag{};

class Dog{
public:
    Dog(string name):_name(name){}
    typedef dog_tag type;
private:
    string _name;
};

class Cat{
public:
    Cat(string name):_name(name){}
    typedef cat_tag type;
private:
    string _name;
};

template <typename T>
struct AnimalTraits
{
    typedef typename T::type type;
};

template <typename T>
void Accept(T dog, dog_tag)
{
    cout<<"accept a dog"<<endl;
}

template <typename T>
void Accept(T cat, cat_tag)
{
    cout<<"accept a cat"<<endl;
}

template <typename T>
void Accept(T animal)
{
    //typename told the complier this is a type,not static member
    // () create a temporal object ,if no (),this just a type,no a object ,so can't pass it to Accept function(T ,dog_tag)
    Accept(animal,typename AnimalTraits<T>::type());
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    Dog mydog("hellodog");
    Accept(mydog);
    return 0;
}