委托的Invoke方法用来进行同步调用。同步调用也可以叫阻塞调用,它将阻塞当前线程,然后执行调用,调用完毕后再继续向下进行。
同步调用的例子:
using System;
using System.Threading;
public delegate int AddHandler( int a, int b);
public class Foo {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine( " **********SyncInvokeTest************** " );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
int result = handler.Invoke( 1 , 2 );
Console.WriteLine( " Do other work ... ... ... " );
Console.WriteLine(result);
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add( int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine( " Computing " + a + " + " + b + " ... " );
Thread.Sleep( 3000 );
Console.WriteLine( " Computing Complete. " );
return a + b;
}
}
运行结果:
********** SyncInvokeTest **************
Computing 1 + 2 ...
Computing Complete.
Do other work... ... ...
3
同步调用会阻塞线程,如果是要调用一项繁重的工作(如大量IO操作),可能会让程序停顿很长时间,造成糟糕
的用户体验,这时候异步调用就很有必要了。
异步调用不阻塞线程,而是把调用塞到线程池中,程序主线程或UI线程可以继续执行。
委托的异步调用通过BeginInvoke和EndInvoke来实现。
异步调用:
using System;
using System.Threading;
public delegate int AddHandler( int a, int b);
public class Foo {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine( " **********AsyncInvokeTest************** " );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
IAsyncResult result = handler.BeginInvoke( 1 , 2 , null , null );
Console.WriteLine( " Do other work... ... ... " );
Console.WriteLine(handler.EndInvoke(result));
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add( int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine( " Computing " + a + " + " + b + " ... " );
Thread.Sleep( 3000 );
Console.WriteLine( " Computing Complete. " );
return a + b;
}
}
运行结果:
**********
AsyncInvokeTest
**************
Do other work... ... ...
Computing
1
+
2
...
Computing Complete.
3
可以看到,主线程并没有等待,而是直接向下运行了。
但是问题依然存在,当主线程运行到EndInvoke时,如果这时调用没有结束(这种情况很可能出现),这时为了等待调用结果,线程依旧会被阻塞。
解决的办法是用回调函数,当调用结束时会自动调用回调函数
回调异步:
public class Foo {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine( " **********AsyncInvokeTest************** " );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
IAsyncResult result = handler.BeginInvoke( 1 , 2 , new AsyncCallback(AddComplete),
" AsycState:OK " );
Console.WriteLine( " Do other work ... ... ... " );
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add( int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine( " Computing " + a + " + " + b + " ... " );
Thread.Sleep( 3000 );
Console.WriteLine( " Computing Complete. " );
return a + b;
}
static void AddComplete(IAsyncResult result) {
AddHandler handler = (AddHandler)((AsyncResult)result).AsyncDelegate;
Console.WriteLine(handler.EndInvoke(result));
Console.WriteLine(result.AsyncState);
}
}
转载出处 http://kb.cnblogs.com/page/50132/