文章出处:http://blog.csdn.net/yzx41099296/article/details/7450320
关于errno值的定义在errno.h中
- #ifndef _I386_ERRNO_H
- #define _I386_ERRNO_H
- #define EPERM 1 /* Operation not permitted */
- #define ENOENT 2 /* No such file or directory */
- #define ESRCH 3 /* No such process */
- #define EINTR 4 /* Interrupted system call */
- #define EIO 5 /* I/O error */
- #define ENXIO 6 /* No such device or address */
- #define E2BIG 7 /* Arg list too long */
- #define ENOEXEC 8 /* Exec format error */
- #define EBADF 9 /* Bad file number */
- #define ECHILD 10 /* No child processes */
- #define EAGAIN 11 /* Try again */
- #define ENOMEM 12 /* Out of memory */
- #define EACCES 13 /* Permission denied */
- #define EFAULT 14 /* Bad address */
- #define ENOTBLK 15 /* Block device required */
- #define EBUSY 16 /* Device or resource busy */
- #define EEXIST 17 /* File exists */
- #define EXDEV 18 /* Cross-device link */
- #define ENODEV 19 /* No such device */
- #define ENOTDIR 20 /* Not a directory */
- #define EISDIR 21 /* Is a directory */
- #define EINVAL 22 /* Invalid argument */
- #define ENFILE 23 /* File table overflow */
- #define EMFILE 24 /* Too many open files */
- #define ENOTTY 25 /* Not a typewriter */
- #define ETXTBSY 26 /* Text file busy */
- #define EFBIG 27 /* File too large */
- #define ENOSPC 28 /* No space left on device */
- #define ESPIPE 29 /* Illegal seek */
- #define EROFS 30 /* Read-only file system */
- #define EMLINK 31 /* Too many links */
- #define EPIPE 32 /* Broken pipe */
- #define EDOM 33 /* Math argument out of domain of func */
- #define ERANGE 34 /* Math result not representable */
- #define EDEADLK 35 /* Resource deadlock would occur */
- #define ENAMETOOLONG 36 /* File name too long */
- #define ENOLCK 37 /* No record locks available */
- #define ENOSYS 38 /* Function not implemented */
- #define ENOTEMPTY 39 /* Directory not empty */
- #define ELOOP 40 /* Too many symbolic links encountered */
- #define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN /* Operation would block */
- #define ENOMSG 42 /* No message of desired type */
- #define EIDRM 43 /* Identifier removed */
- #define ECHRNG 44 /* Channel number out of range */
- #define EL2NSYNC 45 /* Level 2 not synchronized */
- #define EL3HLT 46 /* Level 3 halted */
- #define EL3RST 47 /* Level 3 reset */
- #define ELNRNG 48 /* Link number out of range */
- #define EUNATCH 49 /* Protocol driver not attached */
- #define ENOCSI 50 /* No CSI structure available */
- #define EL2HLT 51 /* Level 2 halted */
- #define EBADE 52 /* Invalid exchange */
- #define EBADR 53 /* Invalid request descriptor */
- #define EXFULL 54 /* Exchange full */
- #define ENOANO 55 /* No anode */
- #define EBADRQC 56 /* Invalid request code */
- #define EBADSLT 57 /* Invalid slot */
- #define EDEADLOCK EDEADLK
- #define EBFONT 59 /* Bad font file format */
- #define ENOSTR 60 /* Device not a stream */
- #define ENODATA 61 /* No data available */
- #define ETIME 62 /* Timer expired */
- #define ENOSR 63 /* Out of streams resources */
- #define ENONET 64 /* Machine is not on the network */
- #define ENOPKG 65 /* Package not installed */
- #define EREMOTE 66 /* Object is remote */
- #define ENOLINK 67 /* Link has been severed */
- #define EADV 68 /* Advertise error */
- #define ESRMNT 69 /* Srmount error */
- #define ECOMM 70 /* Communication error on send */
- #define EPROTO 71 /* Protocol error */
- #define EMULTIHOP 72 /* Multihop attempted */
- #define EDOTDOT 73 /* RFS specific error */
- #define EBADMSG 74 /* Not a data message */
- #define EOVERFLOW 75 /* Value too large for defined data type */
- #define ENOTUNIQ 76 /* Name not unique on network */
- #define EBADFD 77 /* File descriptor in bad state */
- #define EREMCHG 78 /* Remote address changed */
- #define ELIBACC 79 /* Can not access a needed shared library */
- #define ELIBBAD 80 /* Accessing a corrupted shared library */
- #define ELIBSCN 81 /* .lib section in a.out corrupted */
- #define ELIBMAX 82 /* Attempting to link in too many shared libraries */
- #define ELIBEXEC 83 /* Cannot exec a shared library directly */
- #define EILSEQ 84 /* Illegal byte sequence */
- #define ERESTART 85 /* Interrupted system call should be restarted */
- #define ESTRPIPE 86 /* Streams pipe error */
- #define EUSERS 87 /* Too many users */
- #define ENOTSOCK 88 /* Socket operation on non-socket */
- #define EDESTADDRREQ 89 /* Destination address required */
- #define EMSGSIZE 90 /* Message too long */
- #define EPROTOTYPE 91 /* Protocol wrong type for socket */
- #define ENOPROTOOPT 92 /* Protocol not available */
- #define EPROTONOSUPPORT 93 /* Protocol not supported */
- #define ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 94 /* Socket type not supported */
- #define EOPNOTSUPP 95 /* Operation not supported on transport endpoint */
- #define EPFNOSUPPORT 96 /* Protocol family not supported */
- #define EAFNOSUPPORT 97 /* Address family not supported by protocol */
- #define EADDRINUSE 98 /* Address already in use */
- #define EADDRNOTAVAIL 99 /* Cannot assign requested address */
- #define ENETDOWN 100 /* Network is down */
- #define ENETUNREACH 101 /* Network is unreachable */
- #define ENETRESET 102 /* Network dropped connection because of reset */
- #define ECONNABORTED 103 /* Software caused connection abort */
- #define ECONNRESET 104 /* Connection reset by peer */
- #define ENOBUFS 105 /* No buffer space available */
- #define EISCONN 106 /* Transport endpoint is already connected */
- #define ENOTCONN 107 /* Transport endpoint is not connected */
- #define ESHUTDOWN 108 /* Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown */
- #define ETOOMANYREFS 109 /* Too many references: cannot splice */
- #define ETIMEDOUT 110 /* Connection timed out */
- #define ECONNREFUSED 111 /* Connection refused */
- #define EHOSTDOWN 112 /* Host is down */
- #define EHOSTUNREACH 113 /* No route to host */
- #define EALREADY 114 /* Operation already in progress */
- #define EINPROGRESS 115 /* Operation now in progress */
- #define ESTALE 116 /* Stale NFS file handle */
- #define EUCLEAN 117 /* Structure needs cleaning */
- #define ENOTNAM 118 /* Not a XENIX named type file */
- #define ENAVAIL 119 /* No XENIX semaphores available */
- #define EISNAM 120 /* Is a named type file */
- #define EREMOTEIO 121 /* Remote I/O error */
- #define EDQUOT 122 /* Quota exceeded */
- #define ENOMEDIUM 123 /* No medium found */
- #define EMEDIUMTYPE 124 /* Wrong medium type */
- #define ECANCELED 125 /* Operation Canceled */
- #define ENOKEY 126 /* Required key not available */
- #define EKEYEXPIRED 127 /* Key has expired */
- #define EKEYREVOKED 128 /* Key has been revoked */
- #define EKEYREJECTED 129 /* Key was rejected by service */
- /* for robust mutexes */
- #define EOWNERDEAD 130 /* Owner died */
- #define ENOTRECOVERABLE 131 /* State not recoverable */
- #endif
#define ETIMEDOUT 110 /* Connection timed out */
Tcp是面向连接的。在程序中表现为,当tcp检测到对端socket不再可用时(不能发出探测包,或探测包没有收到ACK的响应包),select会返回socket可读,并且在recv时返回-1,同时置上errno为ETIMEDOUT。
Tcp是面向连接的,在实际应用中通常都需要检测连接是否还可用.如果不可用,可分为:
a. 连接的对端正常关闭.
b. 连接的对端非正常关闭,这包括对端设备掉电,程序崩溃,网络被中断等.这种情况是不能也无法通知对端的,所以连接会一直存在,浪费国家的资源.
tcp协议栈有个keepalive的属性,可以主动探测socket是否可用,不过这个属性的默认值很大.
全局设置可更改/etc/sysctl.conf,加上:
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 20
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 60
在程序中设置如下:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int keepAlive = 1; // 开启keepalive属性
int keepIdle = 60; // 如该连接在60秒内没有任何数据往来,则进行探测
int keepInterval = 5; // 探测时发包的时间间隔为5 秒
int keepCount = 3; // 探测尝试的次数.如果第1次探测包就收到响应了,则后2次的不再发.
setsockopt(rs, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&keepAlive, sizeof(keepAlive));
setsockopt(rs, SOL_TCP, TCP_KEEPIDLE, (void*)&keepIdle, sizeof(keepIdle));
setsockopt(rs, SOL_TCP, TCP_KEEPINTVL, (void *)&keepInterval, sizeof(keepInterval));
setsockopt(rs, SOL_TCP, TCP_KEEPCNT, (void *)&keepCount, sizeof(keepCount));
在程序中表现为,当tcp检测到对端socket不再可用时(不能发出探测包,或探测包没有收到ACK的响应包),select会返回socket可读,并且在recv时返回-1,同时置上errno为ETIMEDOUT。
一、tcp协议栈keeplive属性,可以保证TCP链接已建立的两端在没有任何交互的时候完成探测,确定对端是否存活。譬如服务器端,无论他的接收协议栈是否有存有数据,如果在/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time 时间内没有收到客户端的数据,同时也没有向客户端发送数据,则keeplive属性被激活。
二、tcp协议栈tcp_retries2属性,确定放弃回应一个TCP连接请求前﹐需要进行多少次重试,默认值为15,,返回给recv的错误码与上述代码相同。根据RTO的值来决定,相当于13-30分钟,tcp重试的时间间隔以2*RTO时间为基准,指数级增加,譬如服务器端,无论他的接收协议栈是否有存有数据,如果客户端断线,同时在/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time 时间内服务端向客户端发送数据,则这个时候tcp_retries2属性被激活,按照/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_retries2 中重传次数的设置进行操作,这个时候keeplive属性并没有被激活。估计测试结果来看,将这个值设为5,重传时间大致为30~60s左右,能够瞒住需求。
三、tcp协议栈tcp_orphan_retries 在近端丢弃TCP连接之前﹐要进行多少次重试,这个值在linux下,默认为零,估计是没有启用。