类型转换总结

一.string 与Cstring互转问题

1.string转CString （宽字符方式UNICODE）

（1）.CA2T 宏，这种方法不安全

 string s;
  CA2T szr(s.c_str());
   CString = (LPCTSTR)szr;//(LPCTSTR)为强制类型转换

（2）.MultiByteToWideChar函数

std::wstring WStringToWString(const std::string& str) {
 int size_str = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), -1, NULL, 0);
 wchar_t *wide = new wchar_t[size_str];
 MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), -1, wide, size_str);
 std::wstring return_wstring(wide);
 delete[] wide;
 wide = NULL;
 return return_wstring;
}
string strx
wstring x = WStringToWString(strx);
cstring  m_strReceive=m_strReceive.Format(_T("%s"), x.c_str());

(3).C语言提供的宽字符(wchar_t类型)和多字节字符( 一个字符用一个或者多个字节表示) 转换函数

std::wstring StringToWString(const std::string& str)
{
 setlocale(LC_ALL, "chs");
 const char* point_to_source = str.c_str();
 size_t new_size = str.size() + 1;
 wchar_t *point_to_destination = new wchar_t[new_size];
 wmemset(point_to_destination, 0, new_size);
 mbstowcs(point_to_destination, point_to_source, new_size);
 std::wstring result = point_to_destination;
 delete[]point_to_destination;
 setlocale(LC_ALL, "C");
 return result;
}
string strx
wstring x = StringToWString(strx);
cstring  m_strReceive=m_strReceive.Format(_T("%s"), x.c_str());

举例：

strcpy(sBuf, "我最棒");  
size_t sSize=strlen(sBuf);  
  
wchar_t * dBuf=NULL;  
  
<SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">//注意：需要多分配一个空间，以存放终止符</SPAN>   
int dSize=mbstowcs(dBuf, sBuf, 0)+1;  
  
dBuf=new wchar_t[dSize];  
wmemset(dBuf, 0, dSize);  
  
int nRet=mbstowcs(dBuf, sBuf, sSize);  
if(nRet<=0)  
{  
    printf("转换失败\n");  
}  
else  
{  
    printf("转换成功%d字符\n", nRet);  
    wprintf(L"%ls\n", dBuf);  
}  

2.cstring 转 string（宽字符方式UNICODE）

  vs2010 Unicode下：

  CStringW str(L"test"); 
  CStringA stra(str.GetBuffer(0)); 
  str.ReleaseBuffer(); 
  std::string strs (stra.GetBuffer(0)); 
  stra.ReleaseBuffer();

3.WCHAR CHAR与string wstring的转换

(1)、wchar_t 与wstring
可以直接转换

wchar_t *x;
wstirng y;
x=y;

(2)、// wchar_t to string

void Wchar_tToString(std::string& szDst, wchar_t *wchar)
{
wchar_t * wText = wchar;
DWORD dwNum = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_OEMCP,NULL,wText,-1,NULL,0,NULL,FALSE);// WideCharToMultiByte的运用
char *psText; // psText为char*的临时数组，作为赋值给std::string的中间变量
psText = new char[dwNum];
WideCharToMultiByte (CP_OEMCP,NULL,wText,-1,psText,dwNum,NULL,FALSE);// WideCharToMultiByte的再次运用
szDst = psText;// std::string赋值
delete []psText;// psText的清除
}

(3)、// string to wstring

void StringToWstring(std::wstring& szDst, std::string str)
{
 std::string temp = str;
 int len=MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, (LPCSTR)temp.c_str(), -1, NULL,0); 
 wchar_t * wszUtf8 = new wchar_t[len+1]; 
 memset(wszUtf8, 0, len * 2 + 2); 
 MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, (LPCSTR)temp.c_str(), -1, (LPWSTR)wszUtf8, len);
 szDst = wszUtf8;
 std::wstring r = wszUtf8;
 delete[] wszUtf8;
}

二、BYTE 与16进制转换

1、BYTE转16进制

string * Byte2Hex(unsigned bArray[], int bArray_len)
{
	string *strHex = new string();
	int nIndex = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i<bArray_len; i++)
	{
		int high = bArray[0] / 16, low = bArray[0] % 16;
		 strHex[nIndex] = (high<10) ? ('0' + high) : ('A' + high - 10);
		 strHex[nIndex + 1] = (low<10) ? ('0' + low) : ('A' + low - 10);
		nIndex += 2;
	}
	return strHex;
}

string bytestohexstring(char* bytes, int bytelength)
{
	string str("");
	string str2("0123456789abcdef");
	for (int i = 0; i<bytelength; i++) {
		int b;
		b = 0x0f & (bytes[i] >> 4);
		char s1 = str2.at(b);
		str.append(1, str2.at(b));
		b = 0x0f & bytes[i];
		str.append(1, str2.at(b));
		char s2 = str2.at(b);
	}
	return str;
}

2、16进制转byte

（1）、

int Change(char s[], char bits[]) {
	int i, n = 0;
	for (i = 0; s[i]; i += 2) {
		if (s[i] >= 'A' && s[i] <= 'F')
			bits[n] = s[i] - 'A' + 10;
		else bits[n] = s[i] - '0';
		if (s[i + 1] >= 'A' && s[i + 1] <= 'F')
			bits[n] = (bits[n] << 4) | (s[i + 1] - 'A' + 10);
		else bits[n] = (bits[n] << 4) | (s[i + 1] - '0');
		++n;
	}
	return n;
}

int main(void) {
	char s[] = "E4F1C3A81F";
	char bits[10];
	int i, n = Change(s, bits);
	printf("%s\n", s);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		printf("%X ", 0XFF & bits[i]);
	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}

（2）、

int hexCharToInt(char c)
{
	if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return (c - '0');
	if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return (c - 'A' + 10);
	if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return (c - 'a' + 10);
	return 0;
}

char* hexstringToBytes(string s)
{
	int sz = s.length();
	char *ret = new char[sz / 2];
	for (int i = 0; i <sz; i += 2) {
		ret[i / 2] = (char)((hexCharToInt(s.at(i)) << 4)
			| hexCharToInt(s.at(i + 1)));
	}
	return ret;
}