LeetCodeP331 Verify Preorder Serialization of a Binary Tree

One way to serialize a binary tree is to use pre-order traversal. When we encounter a non-null node, we record the node’s value. If it is a null node, we record using a sentinel value such as #.

     _9_
    /   \
   3     2
  / \   / \
 4   1  #  6
/ \ / \   / \
# # # #   # #

For example, the above binary tree can be serialized to the string "9,3,4,#,#,1,#,#,2,#,6,#,#", where #represents a null node.

Given a string of comma separated values, verify whether it is a correct preorder traversal serialization of a binary tree. Find an algorithm without reconstructing the tree.

Each comma separated value in the string must be either an integer or a character '#' representing null pointer.

You may assume that the input format is always valid, for example it could never contain two consecutive commas such as "1,,3".

Example 1:
"9,3,4,#,#,1,#,#,2,#,6,#,#"
Return true

Example 2:
"1,#"
Return false

Example 3:
"9,#,#,1"
Return false

题目大意:给定一个字符串,判断该字符串是否是一个合法的二叉树序列化串。

思路:

1、在序列串中查找“4,#,#”这样形式的串,并将其替换为“#”。也就是将二叉树中的叶子结点及其后空节点转换为空节点,直至最后整棵树只剩一个空节点。

注意:一定要注意空节点后面跟着若干空节点的情况。

public class Solution {
    public boolean isValidSerialization(String preorder) {
        if (preorder == null || preorder.length() == 0) {
            return false;
        }

        String[] strs = preorder.split(",");
        Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();
        for (String str : strs) {
            //注意空节点后面跟着空节点,如:1,#,#,#,#
            if (stack.size() == 1 && stack.peek().equals("#")) {
                return false;
            }
            //如果转换后与上一层节点仍然符合转换规则,则继续转换
            while (str.equals("#") && stack.size() >= 2 && stack.peek().equals("#")) {
                stack.pop();
                stack.pop();
            }
            stack.push(str);
        }
        return (stack.size() == 1) && (stack.peek().equals("#"));
    }
}

2、如果我们把空节点想象成叶子。那么对于每个节点的入度和出度:

(1)空节点#只提供1个入度

(2)非空节点,除根节点外,提供1个入度2个出度

(3)对于整棵树,入度等于出度

我们定义一个变量diff记录出度和入度的差,遇见空节点则diff-1,因为空节点提供一个入度,遇见非空节点先减一再加二。diff不能为负数且最后diff0,则为合法序列。

public class Solution {
    public boolean isValidSerialization(String preorder) {
        int diff = 1;//diff = outdegree - indegree
        String[] strs = preorder.split(",");
        for (String str : strs) {
            if (--diff < 0) {
                return false;
            }
            if (!str.equals("#")) {
                diff += 2;
            }
        }
        return diff == 0;
    }
}

3、在这样的二叉树中,设度为0的节点为n0,度为1的节点为n1,度为2的节点为n2,来看一下空节点的数量和非空节点数量的关系。

空节点数:n0 * 2 + n1

非空节点数:n0+n1+n2

二者差为:n0-n2 = n2+1 – n2 = 1

所以在这颗二叉树中,空节点比非空节点多1。且容易知道合法序列的最后一个字符一定为#

于是,遍历序列到倒数第二个字符,用count统计,遇到空节点count就减1,遇到非空节点count就加1,过程中count不能出现负数(否则说明空节点下面有非空节点,显然不对)。最后检查count是否为0且最后一个字符是否是#

public class Solution {
    public boolean isValidSerialization(String preorder) {
        if (preorder == null || preorder.length() == 0) {
            return false;
        }
        int count = 0;
        String[] strs = preorder.split(",");
        for (int i = 0; i < strs.length - 1; i++) {
            if (strs[i].equals("#")) {
                count--;
            } else {
                count++;
            }
            if (count < 0) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        if (count != 0) {
            return false;
        }
        return strs[strs.length - 1].equals("#");
    }
}











【Solution】 To convert a binary search tree into a sorted circular doubly linked list, we can use the following steps: 1. Inorder traversal of the binary search tree to get the elements in sorted order. 2. Create a doubly linked list and add the elements from the inorder traversal to it. 3. Make the list circular by connecting the head and tail nodes. 4. Return the head node of the circular doubly linked list. Here's the Python code for the solution: ``` class Node: def __init__(self, val): self.val = val self.prev = None self.next = None def tree_to_doubly_list(root): if not root: return None stack = [] cur = root head = None prev = None while cur or stack: while cur: stack.append(cur) cur = cur.left cur = stack.pop() if not head: head = cur if prev: prev.right = cur cur.left = prev prev = cur cur = cur.right head.left = prev prev.right = head return head ``` To verify the accuracy of the code, we can use the following test cases: ``` # Test case 1 # Input: [4,2,5,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 4 # / \ # 2 5 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 <-> 4 <-> 5 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 5 <-> 4 <-> 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(4) root.left = Node(2) root.right = Node(5) root.left.left = Node(1) root.left.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) # Test case 2 # Input: [2,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 2 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(2) root.left = Node(1) root.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) ``` The output of the test cases should match the expected output as commented in the code.
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