由于这篇博文公式实在太多,截图又不太好看,所以切换到Markdown编辑器下来写。还好CSDN的这个Markdown支持LaTeX公式,方便许多了。
1.计算下列各式:
(1)
limx→0tanx−sinx1−cos2x
%1(1)
clear
clc
syms x;
f=(tan(x)-sin(x))/(1-cos(2*x));
limit(f) %其它等价用法 limit(f,0) limit(f,x,0)
结果
ans =
0
(2) limx→+∞x2+xex
%1(2)
clear
clc
syms x;
f=(x^2+x)/exp(x);
limit(f,inf) %其它等价用法 limit(f,x,inf)
结果
ans =
0
(3) y=x3−2x2+sinx ,求 y′
%1(3)
clear
clc
syms x;
y=x^3-2*x^2+sin(x);
diff(y) %其它等价用法 diff(y,x) diff(y,1) diff(y,x,1)
结果
ans =
cos(x) - 4*x + 3*x^2
(4) sin2xlnx ,求 y′
%1(4)
clear
clc
syms x;
y=sin(2*x)*log(x);
diff(y) %其它等价用法 diff(y,x) diff(y,1) diff(y,x,1)
结果
ans =
2*cos(2*x)*log(x) + sin(2*x)/x
(5) f=ln(x+y2) ,求 ∂f∂x , ∂f∂y , ∂2f∂x∂y
clear
clc
syms x y;
f=log(x+y^2);
diff(f,x) %其它等价用法 diff(f) diff(f,1) diff(f,x,1)
diff(f,y) %其它等价用法 diff(f,y,1)
diff(diff(f,x),y)
结果
ans =
1/(y^2 + x)
ans =
(2*y)/(y^2 + x)
ans =
-(2*y)/(y^2 + x)^2
(6) y=xyln(x+y) ,求 ∂f∂x , ∂f∂y , ∂2f∂x∂y
%1(6)将表达式中等号左边的y改成f
clear
clc
syms x y;
f=x*y*log(x+y);
df_dx=diff(f,x)
df_dy=diff(f,y)
dff_dxdy=diff(diff(f,x),y)
结果
df_dx =
y*log(x + y) + (x*y)/(x + y)
df_dy =
x*log(x + y) + (x*y)/(x + y)
dff_dxdy =
log(x + y) + x/(x + y) + y/(x + y) - (x*y)/(x + y)^2
%1(6)把整个表达式视为f=0
clear
clc
syms x y;
f=y-x*y*log(x+y);
df_dx=diff(f,x)
df_dy=diff(f,y)
dff_dxdy=diff(diff(f,x),y)
%此题还可以考隐函数求导,对于F(x,y)=0,dy/dx=-Fx/Fy(注意负号和顺序)
dy_dx=-df_dx/df_dy
dyy_dxx=diff(-df_dx/df_dy,x)
结果
df_dx =
- y*log(x + y) - (x*y)/(x + y)
df_dy =
1 - (x*y)/(x + y) - x*log(x + y)
dff_dxdy =
(x*y)/(x + y)^2 - x/(x + y) - y/(x + y) - log(x + y)
dy_dx =
-(y*log(x + y) + (x*y)/(x + y))/(x*log(x + y) + (x*y)/(x + y) - 1)
dyy_dxx =
((y*log(x + y) + (x*y)/(x + y))*(log(x + y) + x/(x + y) + y/(x + y) - (x*y)/(x + y)^2))/(x*log(x + y) + (x*y)/(x + y) - 1)^2 - ((2*y)/(x + y) - (x*y)/(x + y)^2)/(x*log(x + y) + (x*y)/(x + y) - 1)
(7) ∫cos(4x+3)dx , ∫π60cos(4x+3)dx
%1(7)
clear
clc
syms x;
f=cos(4*x+3);
int(f)
int(f,0,pi/6) %其它等价用法int(f,x,0,pi/6)
结果
ans =
sin(4*x + 3)/4
ans =
(3^(1/2)*cos(3))/8 - (3*sin(3))/8
(8) y=∫ln(1+t)dx , ∫270ln(1+t)dx
%1(8)把题中所有dx改为dt
clear
clc
syms t;
y=log(1+t);
int(y)
int(y,0,27) %其它等价用法int(y,t,0,27)
结果
ans =
(log(t + 1) - 1)*(t + 1)
ans =
28*log(28) - 27
2.计算下列定积分
(1)计算积分
∫1−1x+x3+x5dx
的值
(2)计算积分
∫101sinx+cosxdx
的值
(3)计算积分
∫62ex2dx
的值
(4)计算积分
∫101xx4+4dx
的值
(5)计算积分
∫101∫101sinyx+y4+x2dxdy
的值
(6)计算积分
∫101∫y1yx+y4dxdy
的值
(7)计算积分
∫30z∫101∫y1yx+y4dxdydz
的值
%2
clear
clc
syms x y z;
int(x+x^3+x^5,-1,1)
int(sin(x)+cos(x),1,10)
int(exp(x/2),2,6)
int(x/(x^4+4),1,10)
int(int(sin(y)*(x+y)/(4+x^2),x,1,10),y,1,10)
int(int(y*(x+y)/4,x,1,y),y,1,10)
int(z*int(int(y*(x+y)/4,x,1,y),y,1,10),0,3)
结果
ans =
0
ans =
cos(1) - cos(10) - sin(1) + sin(10)
ans =
2*exp(1)*(exp(2) - 1)
ans =
atan(50)/4 - atan(1/2)/4
ans =
log(520^(1/2)/5)*(cos(1) - cos(10)) - (atan(1/2)*(cos(1) - 10*cos(10) - sin(1) + sin(10)))/2 + (atan(5)*(cos(1) - 10*cos(10) - sin(1) + sin(10)))/2
ans =
27135/32
ans =
244215/64
3.求解下列非线性方程(组)
(1)
clear
clc
syms x y z w;
f1=0.4*x+0.3124*y+2.6598*z+6.9785*w-0.24;
f2=3.142*x+8.22*y+6.16*z+0.254*w-3.251;
f3=0.1785*x+5.358*y+9.7932*z+3.846*w-0.21;
f4=2.643*x+8.321*y+0.283*z+6.735*w+2.354;
[x,y,z,w]=solve(f1,f2,f3,f4)
结果
x =
-4629578672873047/19238652687953436
y =
3345137846701581/1603221057329453
z =
-29542916663552315/38477305375906872
w =
19161390580068175/38477305375906872
(2)
%3(2)
clear
clc
syms x y z w;
f1=0.9501*x+0.8913*y+0.8214*z+0.9218*w-0.24;
f2=0.2311*x+0.7621*y+0.4447*z+0.7382*w-0.5428;
f3=0.6068*x+0.4565*y+0.6154*z+0.1763*w-0.5376;
f4=0.4860*x+0.0185*y+0.7919*z+0.4057*w+0.5714;
[x,y,z,w]=solve(f1,f2,f3,f4)
结果
x =
-825043647512601/577559329613032
y =
-349805538096493/577559329613032
z =
1204288618243359/577559329613032
w =
96242555204173/288779664806516
4.求解下列非线性方程(组)
(1)
x2−x−1=0
clear
clc
syms x;
solve('x^2-x-1=0')
结果
ans =
1/2 - 5^(1/2)/2
5^(1/2)/2 + 1/2
(2) 2x3+x2+3x−1=0
%4(2)
clear
clc
syms x;
solve('2*x^3+x^2+3*x-1=0')
结果
ans =
((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3) - 17/(36*((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3)) - 1/6
17/(72*((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3)) - ((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3)/2 - 1/6 - (3^(1/2)*(17/(36*((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3)) + ((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3))*i)/2
17/(72*((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3)) - ((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3)/2 - 1/6 + (3^(1/2)*(17/(36*((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3)) + ((419^(1/2)*1728^(1/2))/1728 + 10/27)^(1/3))*i)/2
(3)
%4(3)
clear
clc
syms x y;
f1=x-0.7*sin(x)-0.2*cos(y);
f2=y-0.7*cos(x)+0.2*sin(y);
[x,y]=solve(f1,f2)%4(3)
clear
clc
syms x y;
f1=x-0.7*sin(x)-0.2*cos(y);
f2=y-0.7*cos(x)+0.2*sin(y);
[x,y]=solve(f1,f2)
结果
x =
0.52652262191818418730769280519209
y =
0.50791971903684924497183722688768
(4)
%4(3)
clear
clc
syms x y alpha;
[x,y]=solve('x^2*y^2=0','x-y/2=alpha',x,y)
结果
x =
alpha
0
y =
0
-2*alpha
5.求解微分方程,初始值都设为0。
(1)
y′=−2y+3x2+1
(2)
y′=−y+4x
clear
clc
dsolve('Dy = -2*y+3*x^2+1','y(0)=0') %等价dsolve('Dy = -2*y+3*x^2+1','y(0)=0','t')
dsolve('Dy = -y+4*x','y(0)=0') %等价dsolve('Dy = -y+4*x','y(0)=0','t')
结果
ans =
(3*x^2)/2 - (3*x^2 + 1)/(2*exp(2*t)) + 1/2
ans =
4*x - (4*x)/exp(t)
6.已知函数 f=sin2xlnx ,绘制一个子图,上面两个子图分别为f导函数及其积分函数在区间[-5,5],步长为0.2,颜色分别为红色,黑色虚线的图像,下面的子图为f的图形,区间步长同上,颜色为蓝色点划线,加图例分别为导函数,积分函数,原函数。
clear
clc
syms x;
f=sin(2*x)*log(x);
df=diff(f);
intf=int(f);
x1=-5:0.2:5;
y1=real(subs(df,x,x1));
%因为结果中含有虚部,画图时会出现警告Warning: Imaginary parts of complex X and/or Y arguments ignored
%加real()函数忽略警告
x2=-5:0.2:5;
y2=real(subs(intf,x,x2));
subplot(221);plot(x1,y1,'r--');legend('导函数');
subplot(222);plot(x2,y2,'k--');legend('积分函数');
x3=-5:0.2:5;
y3=real(subs(f,x,x3));
subplot(2,2,[3 4]);plot(x3,y3,'b-.');legend('原函数');
结果
7.绘制方程 4−x29−y24−−−−−−−−−−√ 在区间 x∈[−2,2] , y∈[−1,1] 的网格图形,步长取0.2。
%7
clear
clc
x=-2:0.2:2;
y=-1:0.2:1;
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sqrt(4-X.^2/9-Y.^2/4);
plot3(X,Y,Z);
8.绘制方程
5−x23−y27−−−−−−−−−−√
在区间
x∈[−2,2]
,
y∈[−1,1]
的三维曲面图形,步长取0.1。
%8
clear
clc
x=-2:0.1:2;
y=-1:0.1:1;
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sqrt(5-X.^2/3-Y.^2/7);
mesh(X,Y,Z);
9.绘制方程
f=y1+x2+y2
在区间
x∈[−4,4]
,
y∈[−2,2]
的三维网格加网格线图形,步长取0.25。
%9
clear
clc
x=-4:0.25:4;
y=-2:0.25:2;
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=Y./(1+X.^2+Y.^2);
mesh(X,Y,Z);
grid on
注:Matlab2010b中surf*函数,mesh*函数都自动带网格
补充:shading interp对图像进行插值处理使其连续光滑