DRF（3）序列化器

models创建

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.IntegerField()
    pub_date = models.DateField()

序列化器

序列化编写view

from book.models import Book
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView


# 序列化器
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = serializers.IntegerField()
    # 输出的是date但使用的是数据库中的pub_date
    date = serializers.DateField(source="pub_date")


class BooksSerView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        # 获取数据
        book_list = Book.objects.all()

        # 构建序列化器对象 instance 序列化传参 data 反序列化传参
        serializer = BookSerializers(instance=book_list, many=True)
        # 序列化做了类似如下流程
        """
        temp = []
        for obj in book_list:
            d = {}
            d["title"] = obj.title
            d["price"] = obj.price
            d["pub_date"] = obj.pub_date
            temp.append(d)
        """
        return Response(serializer.data)

url

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('book/', views.BooksSerView.as_view())
]

反序列化

from book.models import Book
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView


# 序列化器
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    # 对应返回数据,写谁返回谁
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = serializers.IntegerField()
    date = serializers.DateField(source="pub_date")

    # 这里需要重写create方法
    def create(self, validated_data):
        obj = Book.objects.create(**validated_data)
        # 需要给返回值
        return obj


class BooksSerView(APIView):

    def post(self, request):
        # 获取请求数据
        data = request.data

        # 构建序列化器对象 反序列化传data
        serializer = BookSerializers(data=data)
        # 数据校验
        if serializer.is_valid():
            # 校验通过 插入到数据库
            # Book.objects.create(**validated_data)

            # 使用serializer.save() 需要在序列化器中重写save()
            obj = serializer.save()

            # 序列化后的数据在data中直接返回
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            # 错误信息在errors中直接返回
            return Response(serializer.errors)

修改

view

from book.models import Book
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView


class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    # 对应返回数据,写谁返回谁
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = serializers.IntegerField()
    date = serializers.DateField(source="pub_date")

    # 重写update方法
    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        Book.objects.filter(pk=instance.pk).update(**validated_data)
        update_book = Book.objects.get(pk=instance.pk)
        return update_book


class BookDetailView(APIView):
    def put(self, request, id):
        # 获取
        book = Book.objects.get(pk=id)

        # 更新要将instance和data都传入序列化
        serializer = BookSerializers(instance=book, data=request.data)

        if serializer.is_valid():
            # 更新
            # Book.objects.filter(pk=id).update(**serializer.validated_data)
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)

url

from django.urls import path, include, re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    re_path('book/(\d+)', views.BookDetailView.as_view())
]

模型序列化器

模型内部帮助我们实现了create、update等方法，无需我们重写

from book.models import Book
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView


class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # pub_date 转化为 date
    date = serializers.DateField(source="pub_date")

    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = '__all__'

        # 只对title和price进行序列化
        # fields = ['title', 'price']

        # id和pub_date重写了不要
        # exclude = ['pub_date', 'id']


class BooksSerView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        # 获取数据
        book_list = Book.objects.all()

        # 构建序列化器对象 instance 序列化传参 data 反序列化传参
        serializer = BookSerializers(instance=book_list, many=True)
        # 序列化做了类似如下流程
        """
        temp = []
        for obj in book_list:
            d = {}
            d["title"] = obj.title
            d["price"] = obj.price
            d["pub_date"] = obj.pub_date
            temp.append(d)
        """
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request):
        # 获取请求数据
        data = request.data

        # 构建序列化器对象 反序列化传data
        serializer = BookSerializers(data=data)
        # 数据校验
        if serializer.is_valid():
            # 校验通过 插入到数据库
            serializer.save()
            # 序列化后的数据在data中直接返回
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            # 错误信息在errors中直接返回
            return Response(serializer.errors)


class BookDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, id):
        # 获取
        book = Book.objects.get(pk=id)
        # 序列化
        serializer = BookSerializers(instance=book, many=False)
        # 返回
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def put(self, request, id):
        # 获取
        book = Book.objects.get(pk=id)

        # 更新要将instance和data都传入序列化
        serializer = BookSerializers(instance=book, data=request.data)

        if serializer.is_valid():
            # 更新
            # Book.objects.filter(pk=id).update(**serializer.validated_data)
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)