DRF之序列化器嵌套

序列化器嵌套共有三种声明方式，下面我会给大家逐一介绍，前提我已经建立好了学生、教师、课程、成绩四个表格，且已导入数据，模型如下：

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone as datatime

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name="姓名")
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    sex = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'sch_student'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Course(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name="课程名单")
    teacher = models.ForeignKey("Teacher", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, related_name="course",db_constraint=False)
    class Meta:
        db_table = "sch_course"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Teacher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name="姓名")
    sex = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    class Meta:
        db_table = "sch_teacher"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Achievement(models.Model):
    score = models.DecimalField(default=0, max_digits=4, decimal_places=1, verbose_name="成绩")
    student = models.ForeignKey(Student,on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, related_name='s_achievement', db_constraint=False)
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course,on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, related_name='c_achievement', db_constraint=False)
    create_dtime = models.DateTimeField(auto_created=datatime.now)
    class Meta:
        db_table = "sch_achievement"

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.score)

一、直接声明模型

我们要在学生信息界面展示出该学生的成绩，就需要关联到成绩外键，需要在学生的序列化器中调用成绩序列化器

class AchievementModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Achievement
        fields = "__all__"

class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 在序列化器中调用另一个序列化器，就是序列化器嵌套
    s_achievement = AchievementModelSerializer()
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ['id','name','s_achievement']

结果如图：

二、利用source选项取代主键数值

通过source直接通过外键返回特定字段值

class AchievementModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # course = CourseModelSerializer()
    # 直接调用别的模型里的外键字段
    course_name = serializers.CharField(source="course.name")
    teacher_name = serializers.CharField(source="course.teacher.name")
    class Meta:
        model = Achievement
        fields = ['id','course_name','teacher_name','score','create_dtime']

class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 在序列化器中调用另一个序列化器，就是序列化器嵌套
    s_achievement = AchievementModelSerializer(many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ['id','name','s_achievement']

结果如图：

三、直接指定关联深度属性-depth函数

depth = 1情况：

class AchievementModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Achievement
        fields = ['id','course','score','create_dtime']
        depth = 1
        # 使用深度depth函数直接展示
        """
        从成绩模型-->课程 ------ depth = 1
        从成绩模型-->课程-->老师 ----- depth = 2
        """

class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 在序列化器中调用另一个序列化器，就是序列化器嵌套
    s_achievement = AchievementModelSerializer(many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ['id','name','s_achievement']

如图：

depth = 2情况：

四、直接在模型类里自定义

models.py

直接在模型中定义achievement

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name="姓名")
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    sex = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'sch_student'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

# 直接在模型中定义achievement
    def achievement(self):
        """成绩列表"""
        return self.s_achievement.values()

serializers.py

然后在序列化器中就可以直接添加该字段了

class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 在序列化器中调用另一个序列化器，就是序列化器嵌套
    # s_achievement = AchievementModelSerializer(many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ['id','name','achievement']

结果如图：

序列化器嵌套的方式大概就这么几种，希望本篇文章对你有所帮助