数据结构的优缺点对比

  数据结构                                                                                                                      优点                                                                       缺点                                                            

    数组                                                                                            插入快，根据下标可迅速找到元素                                        查找、删除慢，数组长度固定

有序数组                                                                                                    查找比无序数组快                                                        查找、删除慢，数组长度固定

      栈                                                                                                 提供后进先出的访问机制                                                     查找、删除、插入慢

     队列                                                                                              提供先进先出的访问机制                                                     查找、删除、插入慢

     链表                                                                                              插入、删除快                                                                          查找慢

    二叉树                                                                                           查找、插入、删除（如果是平衡树）快                                      删除算法复杂

   红黑树                                                                                           查找、插入、删除快，永远都是平衡树                                                   复杂

  2-3-4树                                                     查找、插入、删除快，永远都是平衡树 ，相似的树结构有益于磁盘的存储                             复杂

  哈希表                                                       根据键（key）可快速访问，插入快                                                                          删除慢，内存使用效率低，不根据key访问速度慢

     堆                                                                                                插入、删除快                                                                           查找慢

     图                                                                                                 现实世界的模型                                                                        一些算法慢且复杂