Spring MVC

希昂的学习日记

已于 2023-08-03 00:32:46 修改

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分类专栏： Spring 文章标签： spring mvc java

于 2020-08-20 00:50:08 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/guaituo0129/article/details/108090031

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一、概念

SpringMVC是Spring家族中的一个MVC框架，专门用来做web开发，底层是servlet。

二、回顾Servlet

1.实现一个Servlet，重写doGet和doPost等方法

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getParameter("method");
        if(method.equals("add")){
            req.getSession().setAttribute("msg", "执行了add方法");
        }
        if(method.equals("delete")){
            req.getSession().setAttribute("msg", "执行了delete方法");
        }

        req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req, resp);
     }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

2.在web.xml上设置路径映射

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xiang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

3.写一个视图层

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  $END$
  </body>
</html>

4.pom依赖（下面都需要）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.xiang</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc_demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>springmvc-01-servlet</module>
        <module>springmvc-02</module>
        <module>springmvc-annotation</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

三、为什么使用SpringMVC

特点：

轻量级，简单易学
高效，基于请求响应的MVC的框架
spring家族，无缝集成spring
约定优于配置
功能强大，RESTFUL、数据验证、格式化、本地化

流程图：

DispatcherServlet接收所有请求
DispatcherServlet调用HandlerMapping，根据url获取对应Handler
HandlerExecution表示具体的Handler,根据url查找控制器Controller
HandlerExecution将解析后的信息传递给DispatcherServlet，如控制器映射等
HandlerAdapter表示处理器适配器，按特定规则执行Handler
Handler让具体Controller执行
Controller执行完毕后，将ModelAndView返回给HandlerAdapter
HandlerAdapter将视图模型信息返回给DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet调用视图解析器来解析逻辑视图
ViewResolver将解析后的物理视图名称返回给DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet调用物理视图，并将Model传入
View渲染并将视图呈现给用户

四、完整（复杂）版配置流程

1.在web.xml配置DispatcherServlet拦截所有请求，并配置spring-servlet.xml路径

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <!-- 设置spring xml文件路径 -->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <!-- / 会拦截所有请求，但不包括jsp文件 -->
        <!-- /* 会拦截所有请求，包括jsp文件 -->
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.声明配置Bean（spring-servlet.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--请求映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="resourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--注册Controller-->
    <bean id="/hello" class="com.xiang.mvc.HelloController"/>
</beans>

3.创建实际Controller

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.setViewName("hello");
        modelAndView.addObject("msg","this is controller");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

4.创建视图层（hello.jsp）

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

五、注解版开发

1.创建web工程

2.添加lib

3.配置DispatcherServlet（web.xml）

同上

4.声明配置Bean（spring-servlet.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="resourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xiang.mvc" />
</beans>

5.注解版Controller

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg", "this is annotation controller");
        return "hello";
    }
}

6.视图层（hello.jsp）
同上

六、零散知识点

1.请求转发与重定向

请求转发：内部服务器

重定向：浏览器重新发起请求


import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class ForwardAndRedirect {

    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public String forward(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg", "this is forward");
        return "forward:test2";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test2")
    public String forward2(Model model){
        return "hello";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test3")
    public String redirect1(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg", "this is forward");
        return "redirect:test4";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test4")
    public String redirect(Model model){
        return "hello";
    }
}

2.乱码问题

1.首先保证tomcat编码为UTF-8

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />

2.设置编码过滤器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--略...-->


    <!--编码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

3.JSON

JavaScript Object Notation(JS对象标记)，一种轻量级的数据交换格式。

①Demo

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Json Demo</title>
</head>

<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
    const user = {
        name: "xiang",
        age: "18"
    };
    console.log(user);
    console.log("============");
    const userJson = JSON.stringify(user);

    console.log(userJson);
    console.log("============");

    const user2 = JSON.parse(userJson);
    console.log(user2);
</script>
Hello
</body>
</html>

②Jackson

引入包

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

注入bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="resourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xiang.mvc" />

    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
        <constructor-arg value="UTF-8" />
    </bean>
    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
        <property name="objectMapper">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false" />
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

controller


@RestController
public class JsonDemoController {

    @GetMapping("/json1")
    public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
        User user = new User("希昂", 18);
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String result = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/json2")
    public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        User user1 = new User("希昂", 18);
        User user2 = new User("希昂2", 18);
        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String result = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(list);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/json3")
    public String json3() throws JsonProcessingException {
        Date date = new Date();

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
        String result = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(date);
        return result;
    }
}

③FastJson

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ailibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.60</version>
        </dependency>

七、拦截器

SpringMVC拦截器，类似于Serlvet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后置处理，可以利用拦截器实现某些功能。

核心思想：AOP

只针对控制控制器方法，不会对jsp等静态资源生效。

1.自定义拦截器

继承HandleInteceptor

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle...");
        return false;
    }

    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...");
    }

    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
    }
}

    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.xiang.mvc.config.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

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Spring MVC

一、概念SpringMVC是Spring家族中的一个MVC框架，专门用来做web开发，底层是servlet。二、回顾Servlet1.实现一个Servlet，重写doGet和doPost等方法public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Ser..
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