装饰者模式学习

这次我们来学习一下装饰者模式，感谢head first design。

首先设想你在替一家咖啡馆做设计，开始时你的设计可能是这样的

但是这会导致什么问题呢？我们来看下图

这简直就是类的大爆炸！

面向对象的设计原则之中有非常重要的一条，那就是设计应该具有比较好的扩展性，而对修改源代码尽可能减少。正如观察者模式，runtime 时可以添加不同的观察者到subject上，不用修改subject。在此，我们介绍装饰者模式。

相当于图中的component，抽象类

package headfirst;

public abstract class Beverage {
	protected String description="UnKnown Beverage";
	
	public String getDescription(){
		return this.description;
	}
	
	public abstract double cost();
	
}

装饰者

package headfirst;

public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage{

	public abstract String getDescription();
	
}

具体的被装饰者

package headfirst;

public class Espresso extends Beverage{

	public Espresso(){
		description ="Espresso";
	}
	
	@Override
	public double cost() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return 1.99;
		//返回espresso的价格
	}

}

具体的被装饰者

package headfirst;

public class HouseBlend extends Beverage{
	public HouseBlend(){
		description="HouseBlend";
	}

	@Override
	public double cost() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return 0.89;
	}
	
	
}

具体的装饰者

package headfirst;

public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator{

	Beverage beverage;
	
	public Mocha(Beverage beverage){
		this.beverage=beverage;
	}
	
	
	@Override
	public String getDescription() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return beverage.getDescription()+",Mocha";
	}

	@Override
	public double cost() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return 0.2+beverage.cost();
	}

}

测试代码如下：

package headfirst;

public class StarbuzzCoffee {	
	public static void main(String args[]){
		Beverage beverage=new Espresso();
		beverage=new Mocha(beverage);
		beverage=new Mocha(beverage);
		//双倍抹茶
		
		System.out.println("my first beverage is "+beverage.getDescription());
		System.out.println("it is "+beverage.cost()+"$");
		
		
		Beverage beverage2=new HouseBlend();
		beverage2=new Mocha(beverage2);
		beverage2=new Mocha(beverage2);
		beverage2=new Mocha(beverage2);
		

		System.out.println("my second beverage is "+beverage2.getDescription());
		System.out.println("it is "+beverage2.cost()+"$");
	}
}

输出如下：

my first beverage is Espresso,Mocha,Mocha
it is 2.39$
my second beverage is HouseBlend,Mocha,Mocha,Mocha
it is 1.49$

关键点是装饰者有被装饰者的接口，并且持有一个被装饰者的引用，然后再由具体被装饰者和具体装饰者来实现。