观察者模式学习

设想平时的订阅报纸业务是如何进行的，可能我的描述不是非常的准确，请原谅。一份份电子报纸我们可以看作是数据源，假设是从某处得到，那么我们要订阅它，于是你可以这样来书写代码:

package headfirst.newspaper;

public class Newspaper {
	//内容
	private String content;
	//作者
	private String author;
	//....其他属性
	
	
	public Newspaper(){
		
	}
	
	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}
	public void setContent(String content) {
		this.content = content;
	}
	public String getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}
	public void setAuthor(String author) {
		this.author = author;
	}
	
	
	//重要是这个方法，内容发生改变的时候调用
	public void ContentChanged(){
		subscriber1.update(content,author,....);
		subscriber2.update(content,author,....);
		subscriber3.update(content,author,....);
		subscriber4.update(content,author,....);
	}
	
	
}

这样的写法表明你是在针对具体实现编程，这样的话你在程序运行时无法改变订阅者，这样的程序难以维护和复用，比较好的做法应该是针对接口编程，把可能变化的地方抽象出来，这是面向对象设计的基本准则，于是我们可以借鉴订阅报纸来思考。

我们可以订阅某份报纸，一旦报纸出版就通知我们，并提供给我们，我们也可以取消订阅，信息资料的主动权不在订阅者手中，并不是我们不断地去问报纸要，而是有了更新才通知我们。

可以借助headfirst design中的uml图来帮助理解：

代码如下:

package headfirst.newspaper;

public interface DisplayElement {
	public void display();
}	


package headfirst.newspaper;

public interface Observer {
	public void update(String content,String author);
}


package headfirst.newspaper;

public interface Subject {
	public void register(Observer o);
	public void remove(Observer o);
	public void notifyObserver();
}

package headfirst.newspaper;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class Newspaper implements Subject{
	//内容
	private String content;
	//作者
	private String author;
	//....其他属性
	
	private ArrayList<Observer> observer;
	
	public Newspaper(){
		observer=new ArrayList<Observer>();
	}
	
	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}
	public void setContent(String content) {
		this.content = content;
	}
	public String getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}
	public void setAuthor(String author) {
		this.author = author;
	}
	
	
	//重要是这个方法，内容发生改变的时候调用
	public void ContentChanged(String content,String author){
		this.setContent(content);
		this.setAuthor(author);
		this.notifyObserver();
	}

	@Override
	public void register(Observer o) {
		this.observer.add(o);
		
	}

	@Override
	public void remove(Observer o) {
		int i=this.observer.indexOf(o);
		if(i>=0){
			this.observer.remove(i);
		}
		
	}

	@Override
	public void notifyObserver() {
		System.out.println("新的内容已经发布!");
		Iterator<Observer> iterator=this.observer.iterator();
		while(iterator.hasNext()){
			iterator.next().update(content, author);
		}
		
	}
	
	
}

package headfirst.newspaper;

public class Subscriber1 implements Observer,DisplayElement{

	private String content;
	private String author;
	private Subject subject;
	
	//.......
	
	public Subscriber1(Subject subject){
		this.subject=subject;
		this.subject.register(this);
	}
	
	public void update(String content, String author) {
		this.content=content;
		this.author=author;
		this.display();
	}

	@Override
	public void display() {
		System.out.println("this is subscriber1!");
		System.out.println("content is "+this.content);
		System.out.println("author is "+this.author);
		
	}
	
	public void remove(){
		this.subject.remove(this);
		this.subject=null;
	}

	public void setSubject(Subject subject){
		this.subject=subject;
	}
	
}

测试代码:

package headfirst.newspaper;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String args[]){
		Newspaper newspaper=new Newspaper();
		Subscriber1 subscriber1=new Subscriber1(newspaper);
		Subscriber2 subscriber2=new Subscriber2(newspaper);
		
		newspaper.ContentChanged("the king of the ring", "Tolkien");
		
		
	}
}

输出:

新的内容已经发布!
this is subscriber1!
content is the king of the ring
author is Tolkien
this is subscriber2!
content is the king of the ring
author is Tolkien

主要内容来自headfirst design pattern，感谢这本书