scrapy框架Pipelines的使用范例

系统环境：

Anaconda 3, windows 10 64bit, Python 3.7

 Python packages:

Python packages:
import pymongo
import pymysql
from scrapy import Request
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline

1、MongoDB保存数据Pipeline:

class MongoPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db):
        self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri
        self.mongo_db = mongo_db

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(
            mongo_uri=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URI'),
            mongo_db=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DB')
        )

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri)
        self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.db[item.collection].insert(dict(item))
        return item

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.client.close()

 代码解释：

在代码中，通过from_crawler函数的crawler参数来获取settings.py文件中定义的项目全局配置，如MongoDB的地址：MONGO_URI和数据库：MONGO_DB；open_spider函数在spider启动的时候就配置好MongoDB的连接，然后通过process_item函数来保存item数据。

2、 Mysql保存数据Pipeline:

class MysqlPipeline():
    def __init__(self, host, database, user, password, port):
        self.host = host
        self.database = database
        self.user = user
        self.password = password
        self.port = port

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(
            host=crawler.settings.get('MYSQL_HOST'),
            database=crawler.settings.get('MYSQL_DATABASE'),
            user=crawler.settings.get('MYSQL_USER'),
            password=crawler.settings.get('MYSQL_PASSWORD'),
            port=crawler.settings.get('MYSQL_PORT'),
        )

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        self.db = pymysql.connect(self.host, self.user, self.password, self.database, charset='utf8', port=self.port)
        self.cursor = self.db.cursor()

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.db.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        data = dict(item)
        keys = ', '.join(data.keys())
        values = ', '.join(['%s'] * len(data))
        sql = 'insert into %s (%s) values (%s)' % (item.table, keys, values)
        self.cursor.execute(sql, tuple(data.values()))
        self.db.commit()
        return item

代码解释：

在代码中，通过from_crawler函数的crawler参数来获取settings.py文件中定义的项目全局配置，如Mysq数据库的地址：MYSQL_HOST和数据库：MYSQL_DATABASE等；open_spider函数在spider启动的时候就配置好Mysql的连接，然后通过process_item函数来保存item数据。

3、图片下载Pipeline:

class ImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        url = request.url
        file_name = url.split('/')[-1]
        return file_name

    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
        if not image_paths:
            raise DropItem('Image Download Failed.')
        return item

    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        yield Request(item['url'])

代码解释：

在代码中，通过get_media_requests函数来获取图片下载的Request，file_path函数获取图片的保存名字，item_completed函数获取图片的保存路径，同时事先要在settings文件中设置图片保存的文件夹路径：

IMAGES_STORE = './images'

注意：IMAGES_STORE这个名字不能改成其他的名字，这是框架默认的命名，不能更改。