实践是检验真理的唯一标准!静态路由相关配置实操③

实验

实验要求:
1.配置浮动路由,实现PC1和PC2互通
2.断掉R1和R2之间的其中一条链路,观察路由表的变化,PC1和PC2依然可通信。
在这里插入图片描述

配置步骤:

一 配置PC1和PC2

①配置PC1的IP为192.168.10.1,子网掩码为255.255.255.0,网关为192.168.10.254
在这里插入图片描述
②配置PC1的IP为192.168.20.1,子网掩码为255.255.255.0,网关为192.168.20.254
在这里插入图片描述

二 配置路由器R1

①进入系统视图

②改路由器名称为R1

③接口IP设置
接口g0/0/0 ip address 192.168.10.254 24
接口g0/0/1 ip address 10.0.0.1 24
接口g0/0/2 ip address 13.0.0.1 24

④设置静态路由
ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.0.2
ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 13.0.0.2 preference 70

⑤保存设置

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.10.254 24
Apr  5 2021 19:34:49-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
Apr  5 2021 19:38:18-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 13.0.0.1 24
Info: A similar IP subnet already exists. Please verify the current IP subnet de
sign.
Apr  5 2021 19:40:10-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.0.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 13.0.0.2  preference 70
[R1]quit 
<R1>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<R1>

三 配置路由器R2

①进入系统视图

②改路由器名称为R2

③接口IP设置
接口g0/0/0 ip address 10.0.0.2 24
接口g0/0/1 ip address 192.168.20.254 24
接口g0/0/2 ip address 23.0.0.1 24

④设置静态路由
ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.0.1
ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 23.0.0.2 preference 70

⑤保存设置

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.0.2 24
Apr  5 2021 20:08:57-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.20.254 24
Apr  5 2021 20:09:36-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 23.0.0.1 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Apr  5 2021 20:10:55-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.0.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 23.0.0.2 preference 70

[R2]quit
<R2>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<R2>

四 配置路由器R3

①进入系统视图

②改路由器名称为R3

③接口IP设置
接口g0/0/0 ip address 13.0.0.2 24
接口g0/0/1 ip address 23.0.0.2 24

④设置j静态路由
ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 23.0.0.1
ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 13.0.0.1

⑤保存设置

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3

[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 13.0.0.2 24
Apr  5 2021 20:32:57-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 23.0.0.2 24
Apr  5 2021 20:33:26-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 23.0.0.1
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 13.0.0.1

[R3]quit
<R3>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<R3>

五 测试

1 浮动路由,PC1和PC2 互通测试
(1)PC1 ping 通PC2
在这里插入图片描述
(2)PC2 ping 通PC1
在这里插入图片描述
2.断掉R1和R2之间的其中一条链路,观察路由表的变化,PC1和PC2依然可通信。

(1)断开前路由器R1的路由表和R2的路由表

路由器R1的路由表

[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 14       Routes : 14       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       10.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
     10.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       13.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   13.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
       13.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
     13.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.10.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.10.254  GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.10.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.10.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.20.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]

路由器R2的路由表

[R2]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 14       Routes : 14       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       10.0.0.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     10.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   23.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
       23.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
     23.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.10.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.20.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.20.254  GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
 192.168.20.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
 192.168.20.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

(2)断开后R1的路由表和R2的路由表

先在路由器R1中断开g0/0/1接口,然后再查看路由表。

断开后路由器R1的路由表

[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown 
Apr  6 2021 00:47:17-08:00 R1 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEthern
et0/0/1 has turned into DOWN state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Apr  6 2021 00:47:17-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the DOWN state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q


[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       13.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   13.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
       13.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
     13.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.10.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.10.254  GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.10.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.10.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.20.0/24  Static  70   0          RD   13.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]

断开后路由器R2的路由表

[R2]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       23.0.0.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   23.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
       23.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
     23.0.0.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.10.0/24  Static  70   0          RD   23.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
   192.168.20.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.20.254  GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
 192.168.20.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
 192.168.20.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R2]

从上面的路由表中可以发现:

原先在R1的静态路由ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.0.2和原先在R2的静态路由ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.0.1没有了。

被新的静态路由所取代R1中ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 13.0.0.2 preference 70和R2中ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 23.0.0.2 preference 70

可以认为浮动路由是原先线路的备用路线保证,当线路不通断开时可以转到备用的线路,保证数据的正常传输不会中断。

(3)断开后PC1 和PC2互PING测试
PC1 和PC2互PING还是可以互通。
①PC1 ping 通PC2
在这里插入图片描述
②PC2 ping 通PC1
在这里插入图片描述

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