二维空间中的计算几何
点积
A
A
A在
B
B
B所在方向的投影的模长和
B
B
B的模长的乘积
A
⋅
B
=
∣
A
∣
∣
B
∣
cos
(
A
,
B
)
=
X
A
X
B
+
Y
A
Y
B
A\cdot B=|A||B|\cos(A,B)=X_AX_B+Y_AY_B
A⋅B=∣A∣∣B∣cos(A,B)=XAXB+YAYB
可用于判断两向量是否垂直
有交换律
标量
叉积
A
A
A转到
B
B
B所夹平行四边形的有向面积
A
×
B
=
∣
A
∣
∣
B
∣
sin
(
A
,
B
)
=
X
A
Y
B
−
X
B
Y
A
A\times B=|A||B|\sin(A,B)=X_AY_B-X_BY_A
A×B=∣A∣∣B∣sin(A,B)=XAYB−XBYA
没有交换律
是个向量,但方向垂直于两向量所在平面
求任意多边形的面积
将每对相邻的点与源点相连产生的三角形的有向面积求和
S
=
∑
i
=
1
n
P
i
×
P
i
+
1
2
S=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{P_i\times P_{i+1}}{2}
S=i=1∑n2Pi×Pi+1
P
n
+
1
=
P
1
P_{n+1}=P_1
Pn+1=P1
自适应辛普森公式
用二次函数进行拟合
∫
A
B
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
f
(
A
)
+
4
×
f
(
A
+
B
2
)
+
f
(
B
)
6
×
(
B
−
A
)
\int_{A}^{B}f(x)dx=\frac{f(A)+4\times f(\frac{A+B}{2})+f(B)}{6}\times(B-A)
∫ABf(x)dx=6f(A)+4×f(2A+B)+f(B)×(B−A)
设
f
(
x
)
=
a
x
2
+
b
x
+
c
f(x)=ax^2+bx+c
f(x)=ax2+bx+c
∫
A
B
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
F
(
B
)
−
F
(
A
)
\int_{A}^{B}f(x)dx=F(B)-F(A)
∫ABf(x)dx=F(B)−F(A)
F
(
x
)
=
a
3
x
3
+
b
2
x
2
+
c
x
F(x)=\frac{a}{3}x^3+\frac{b}{2}x^2+cx
F(x)=3ax3+2bx2+cx
f
(
A
)
+
4
×
f
(
A
+
B
2
)
+
f
(
B
)
6
×
(
B
−
A
)
\frac{f(A)+4\times f(\frac{A+B}{2})+f(B)}{6}\times(B-A)
6f(A)+4×f(2A+B)+f(B)×(B−A)
=
1
6
×
(
a
A
2
+
b
A
+
c
+
a
B
2
+
b
B
+
c
+
a
(
A
+
B
)
2
+
2
×
b
(
A
+
B
)
+
4
×
c
)
×
(
B
−
A
)
=\frac{1}{6}\times(aA^2+bA+c+aB^2+bB+c+a(A+B)^2+2\times b(A+B)+4\times c)\times (B-A)
=61×(aA2+bA+c+aB2+bB+c+a(A+B)2+2×b(A+B)+4×c)×(B−A)
=
1
6
×
(
2
×
a
(
A
2
+
A
B
+
B
2
)
+
3
×
b
(
A
+
B
)
+
6
×
c
)
×
(
B
−
A
)
=\frac{1}{6}\times(2\times a(A^2+AB+B^2)+3\times b(A+B)+6\times c)\times(B-A)
=61×(2×a(A2+AB+B2)+3×b(A+B)+6×c)×(B−A)
=
a
3
×
(
B
3
−
A
3
)
+
b
2
×
(
B
2
−
A
2
)
+
c
×
(
B
−
A
)
=\frac{a}{3}\times (B^3-A^3)+\frac{b}{2}\times (B^2-A^2)+c\times(B-A)
=3a×(B3−A3)+2b×(B2−A2)+c×(B−A)
=
F
(
B
)
−
F
(
A
)
=F(B)-F(A)
=F(B)−F(A)
切点
(
C
p
o
s
−
P
p
o
s
)
2
=
C
r
2
+
(
x
−
P
p
o
s
)
2
+
C
r
2
−
(
C
p
o
s
−
x
)
2
(C_{pos}-P_{pos})^2=C_r^2+(x-P_{pos})^2+C_r^2-(C_{pos}-x)^2
(Cpos−Ppos)2=Cr2+(x−Ppos)2+Cr2−(Cpos−x)2
=
2
×
C
r
2
+
x
2
−
2
x
P
p
o
s
+
P
p
o
s
2
−
(
C
p
o
s
2
−
2
x
C
p
o
s
+
x
2
)
=2\times C_r^2+x^2-2xP_{pos}+P_{pos}^2-(C_{pos}^2-2xC_{pos}+x^2)
=2×Cr2+x2−2xPpos+Ppos2−(Cpos2−2xCpos+x2)
C
p
o
s
2
+
P
p
o
s
2
−
2
C
p
o
s
P
p
o
s
=
2
×
C
r
2
+
2
x
(
C
p
o
s
−
P
p
o
s
)
+
P
p
o
s
2
−
C
p
o
s
2
C_{pos}^2+P_{pos}^2-2C_{pos}P_{pos}=2\times C_r^2+2x(C_{pos}-P_{pos})+P_{pos}^2-C_{pos}^2
Cpos2+Ppos2−2CposPpos=2×Cr2+2x(Cpos−Ppos)+Ppos2−Cpos2
C
p
o
s
2
−
C
p
o
s
P
p
o
s
−
C
r
2
=
x
(
C
p
o
s
−
P
p
o
s
)
C_{pos}^2-C_{pos}P_{pos}-C_r^2=x(C_{pos}-P_{pos})
Cpos2−CposPpos−Cr2=x(Cpos−Ppos)
x
=
C
p
o
s
2
−
C
p
o
s
P
p
o
s
−
C
r
2
C
p
o
s
−
P
p
o
s
x=\frac{C_{pos}^2-C_{pos}P_{pos}-C_r^2}{C_{pos}-P_{pos}}
x=Cpos−PposCpos2−CposPpos−Cr2
c{C_{pos}2-C_{pos}P_{pos}-C_r2}{C_{pos}-P_{pos}}$