RabbitMQ的知识和实践

Rabbitmq的基本概念

官方文档：https://www.rabbitmq.com/documentation.html

利用SpringBoot方式

pom.xml 导入starter

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.polenger</groupId>
    <artifactId>MyRabbitMQ</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <maven.compile.source>1.8</maven.compile.source>
        <maven.compile.target>1.8</maven.compile.target>
        <skipTests>true</skipTests>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.1.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        <nacos.client.version>1.4.1</nacos.client.version>
        <gson.version>2.8.6</gson.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--Spring Cloud 相关依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--Spring Cloud Alibaba 相关依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
                        <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
                <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
                <version>${nacos.client.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

创建RabbitConfiguration

package com.polenger.rabbitmq;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author polenger
 */
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate createRabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate();
        rabbitTemplate.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        //设置开启Mandatory,才能触发回调函数,无论消息推送结果怎么样都强制调用回调函数
        rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);

        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) -> {
            log.info("ConfirmCallback:     相关数据:{}", correlationData);
            log.info("ConfirmCallback:     确认情况:{}", ack);
            log.info("ConfirmCallback:     原因:{}", cause);
        });

        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((message, replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey) -> {
            log.info("ReturnCallback:     消息:{}", message);
            log.info("ReturnCallback:     回应码:{}", replyCode);
            log.info("ReturnCallback:     回应信息:{}", replyText);
            log.info("ReturnCallback:     交换机:{}", exchange);
            log.info("ReturnCallback:     路由键:{}", routingKey);
        });
        return rabbitTemplate;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory factory){
        return new RabbitAdmin(factory);
    }
}

RabbiDirectConfig类

package com.polenger.rabbitmq;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.EnableRabbit;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.RabbitListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author polenger
 */
@Configuration
@EnableRabbit
public class RabbitDirectConfig {

    private final RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;

    public RabbitDirectConfig(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin) {
        this.rabbitAdmin = rabbitAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * 初始化队列
     */
    private LinkedList<Queue> createQueue() {
        RabbitEnum[] values = RabbitEnum.values();
        LinkedList<Queue> queues = new LinkedList<>();
        for (RabbitEnum value : values) {
            Queue queue = new Queue(value.getQueue());
            queues.add(queue);
        }
        return queues;
    }

    /**
     * 创建交换机
     */
    private LinkedList<DirectExchange> createDirectExchange() {
        LinkedList<DirectExchange> list = new LinkedList<>();
        RabbitEnum[] values = RabbitEnum.values();
        for (RabbitEnum rabbitEnum : values) {
            DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange(rabbitEnum.getExchange(), true, false);
            list.add(directExchange);
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 将队列与交换机绑定
     */
    @Bean
    public void bindingDirectExchange() {
        // 初始化队列
        LinkedList<Queue> queues = createQueue();
        // 初始化交换机
        LinkedList<DirectExchange> exchanges = createDirectExchange();
        for (int i = 0; i < queues.size(); i++) {
            // 队列
            Queue queue = queues.get(i);
            // 交换机
            DirectExchange exchange = exchanges.get(i);
            // 队列与交换机进行板顶
            Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(RabbitEnum.getByQueueName(queue.getName()).getRouting());
            // 声明队列
            rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
            // 声明交换机
            rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(exchange);
            // 声明绑定关系
            rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 公共使用的配置
     *
     * @param connectionFactory ConnectionFactory
     * @return RabbitListenerContainerFactory
     */
    @Bean(name = "commonListenerContainerFactory")
    public RabbitListenerContainerFactory<?> commonListenerContainerFactory(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        factory.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
        return factory;
    }
}

rabbitEnum

package com.polenger.rabbitmq;

import lombok.Getter;

/**
 * @author polenger
 * */
@Getter
public enum RabbitEnum {

    /**
     * 业务队列
     */
    BIZ_QUEUE(RabbitQueue.CUSTOM_QUEUE, "biz_exchange", "biz_routing");
    /**
     * 队列名称
     */
    private final String queue;

    /**
     * 队列绑定的交换机
     */
    private final String exchange;

    /**
     * 队列使用匹配的key
     */
    private final String routing;

    RabbitEnum(String queue, String exchange, String routing) {
        this.queue = queue;
        this.exchange = exchange;
        this.routing = routing;
    }

    public static RabbitEnum getByQueueName(String queueName) {
        for (RabbitEnum rabbitEnum : values()) {
            if (rabbitEnum.getQueue().equals(queueName)) {
                return rabbitEnum;
            }
        }
        return BIZ_QUEUE;
    }
}

RabbitQueue

package com.polenger.rabbitmq;

/**
 * @author polenger
 */
public final class RabbitQueue {
    public final static String CUSTOM_QUEUE = "custom_queue";
}

生产者：

package com.polenger.producer;

import com.polenger.rabbitmq.RabbitEnum;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author polenger
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class CustomProducer {

    private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public CustomProducer(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
        this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
    }

    public void produce(){
        String message = "this is a message";
        RabbitEnum rabbitmqenum = RabbitEnum.BIZ_QUEUE;
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(rabbitmqenum.getExchange(), rabbitmqenum.getRouting(), message);
    }
}

消费者

package com.polenger.consumer;

import com.polenger.rabbitmq.RabbitQueue;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author polenger
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitQueue.CUSTOM_QUEUE, containerFactory = "commonListenerContainerFactory")
public class CustomConsumer {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void consume(String msg, Message message) {
        System.out.println("消费：" + msg);
    }
}

队列测试：

package com.polenger.controller;
import com.polenger.producer.CustomProducer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

/**
 *
 * @author polenger
 */
@RestController
public class QueueController {

    @Autowired
    private CustomProducer producer;

    @RequestMapping("/produce")
    public ResponseEntity<?> produce(){
        producer.produce();
        return ResponseEntity.ok(LocalDateTime.now());
    }
}

bootApplication

package com.polenger;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 *
 * @author polenger
 */
@Slf4j
@SpringBootApplication
public class BootApplication implements CommandLineRunner {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BootApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        log.info("BootApplication");
    }
}

使用SpringCloud Stream

定义：

Spring官方对Stream框架的定义：事件驱动微服务、共享信息系统
Spring Cloud Stream is a framework for building highly scalable event-driven microservices connected with shared messaging systems.
The framework provides a flexible programming model built on already established and familiar Spring idioms and best practices, including support for persistent pub/sub semantics, consumer groups, and stateful partitions.

框架核心组件：

The core building blocks of Spring Cloud Stream are:
Destination Binders: Components responsible to provide integration with the external messaging systems.

Destination Bindings: Bridge between the external messaging systems and application code (producer/consumer) provided by the end user.

Message: The canonical data structure used by producers and consumers to communicate with Destination Binders (and thus other applications via external messaging systems).