素材来源:华为路由器配置指南
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目标
举例说明通过OSPFv3 ABR实现路由聚合的配置方法。
组网需求
路由聚合是指将多条具有相同IPv6前缀的路由聚合成一条路由。当大规模部署OSPFv3网络时,可能会出现由于OSPFv3路由表规模过大而降低路由查找速度的现象,为了解决这个问题,可以配置路由聚合,减小路由表的规模,降低管理的复杂度。此外,如果被聚合的IPv6地址范围内的某条链路频繁Up和Down,该变化并不会通告到被聚合的IPv6地址范围外的设备。因此,路由聚合还可以避免网络中的路由振荡,在一定程度上提高了网络的稳定性。
如图1所示,所有设备上都运行OSPFv3。在ABR上对Area 1内的具有相同前缀(2001:DB8::)的路由聚合为一条路由2001:DB8::/32之后,ABR将只发布这一条路由到Area 0区域中,从而减小路由表的规模,降低管理的复杂度,并提高了网络的稳定性。
配置思路
- 配置各接口的IP地址,使网络互通。
- 在所有设备上使能OSPFv3的基本功能。
- 在ABR上配置OSPFv3 ABR路由聚合。
操作步骤
- 配置各接口的IP地址(略)
- 配置OSPFv3基本功能
配置Device A。
DeviceA:
ospfv3 1
router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.1
interface Ethernet1/0/0
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.1
配置Device B。
DeviceB:
ospfv3 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
area 0.0.0.0
interface Ethernet1/0/0
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
配置Device C。
DeviceC:
ospfv3 1
router-id 4.4.4.4
area 0.0.0.1
interface Ethernet1/0/0
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.1
配置ABR。
ABR:
ospfv3 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.1
interface Ethernet1/0/2
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.0
interface Ethernet1/0/0
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.1
interface Ethernet1/0/1
ospfv3 1 area 0.0.0.1
配置完成后,执行display ospfv3 peer命令,可以看到Device A、Device B和Device C与ABR之间建立了邻居关系。以ABR的显示结果为例:
[~ABR-Ethernet1/0/1]dis ospfv3 peer
OSPFv3 Process (1)
OSPFv3 Area (0.0.0.0)
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface Instance ID
1.1.1.1 1 Full/DR 00:00:38 Eth1/0/2 0
OSPFv3 Area (0.0.0.1)
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface Instance ID
4.4.4.4 1 Full/DR 00:00:39 Eth1/0/0 0
3.3.3.3 1 Full/DR 00:00:37 Eth1/0/1 0
[~ABR-Ethernet1/0/1]
在ABR上执行display ospfv3 lsdb命令查看OSPFv3的链路状态数据库信息。Area 1的数据库中Inter-area-prefix LSA的信息没有进行聚合。因此发布到Area 0的路由没有经过聚合。
[~ABR-Ethernet1/0/1]dis ospfv3 lsdb
OSPFv3 Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process 1)
Link-LSA (Interface Eth1/0/2)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix
0.0.0.6 1.1.1.1 273 0x80000003 0xe645 1
0.0.0.9 2.2.2.2 272 0x80000002 0xc460 1
Link-LSA (Interface Eth1/0/0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix
0.0.0.5 2.2.2.2 251 0x80000002 0x920 1
0.0.0.5 4.4.4.4 252 0x80000003 0xb66a 1
Link-LSA (Interface Eth1/0/1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix
0.0.0.7 2.2.2.2 233 0x80000002 0xe640 1
0.0.0.5 3.3.3.3 234 0x80000003 0x9c8a 1
Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Link
0.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 273 0x80000002 0x59b0 1
0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 254 0x80000003 0x669a 1
Network-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.6 1.1.1.1 273 0x80000001 0x4cc6
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.2 2.2.2.2 254 0x80000001 0x9071
0.0.0.3 2.2.2.2 238 0x80000001 0x768b
Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix Reference
0.0.0.1 1.1.1.1 273 0x80000001 0xae20 1 Network-LSA
Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Link
0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 233 0x80000003 0xb01e 2
0.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 234 0x80000002 0xa15a 1
0.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 252 0x80000002 0xd51e 1
Network-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.5 3.3.3.3 234 0x80000001 0x7e85
0.0.0.5 4.4.4.4 252 0x80000001 0x9269
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.1 2.2.2.2 255 0x80000001 0x7a8a
Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix Reference
0.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 235 0x80000001 0xe4d9 1 Network-LSA
0.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 253 0x80000001 0x11a4 1 Network-LSA
[~ABR-Ethernet1/0/1]
[~ABR-Ethernet1/0/1]
[~ABR-Ethernet1/0/1]
[~ABR-Ethernet1/0/1]dis ospfv3 lsdb inter-prefix
OSPFv3 Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process 1)
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
LS Age: 304
LS Type: Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA
Link State ID: 0.0.0.2
Originating Router: 2.2.2.2
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0x9071
Length: 36
Metric: 1
Prefix: 2001:DB8:3::/64
Prefix Options: 0 (-|-|-|-|-)
LS Age: 288
LS Type: Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA
Link State ID: 0.0.0.3
Originating Router: 2.2.2.2
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0x768b
Length: 36
Metric: 1
Prefix: 2001:DB8:2::/64
Prefix Options: 0 (-|-|-|-|-)
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
LS Age: 304
LS Type: Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA
Link State ID: 0.0.0.1
Originating Router: 2.2.2.2
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0x7a8a
Length: 36
Metric: 1
Prefix: 2001:DB8:1::/64
Prefix Options: 0 (-|-|-|-|-)
[~ABR-Ethernet1/0/1]
- 在ABR上配置路由聚合,将Area 1区域内具有相同前缀的路由聚合为一条路由2001:DB8::/32
ABR:
ospfv3 1
area 0.0.0.1
abr-summary 2001:DB8:: 32
- 验证配置结果
配置完路由聚合后,在ABR上执行display ospfv3 lsdb命令,可以看到Area 1区域内具有相同前缀的路由聚合成了一条路由2001:DB8::/32,这条路由发布到了Area 0区域中。
[~ABR-ospfv3-1]dis ospfv3 lsdb
OSPFv3 Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process 1)
Link-LSA (Interface Eth1/0/2)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix
0.0.0.6 1.1.1.1 421 0x80000003 0xe645 1
0.0.0.9 2.2.2.2 420 0x80000002 0xc460 1
Link-LSA (Interface Eth1/0/0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix
0.0.0.5 2.2.2.2 399 0x80000002 0x920 1
0.0.0.5 4.4.4.4 400 0x80000003 0xb66a 1
Link-LSA (Interface Eth1/0/1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix
0.0.0.7 2.2.2.2 381 0x80000002 0xe640 1
0.0.0.5 3.3.3.3 382 0x80000003 0x9c8a 1
Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Link
0.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 421 0x80000002 0x59b0 1
0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 402 0x80000003 0x669a 1
Network-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.6 1.1.1.1 421 0x80000001 0x4cc6
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.4 2.2.2.2 39 0x80000001 0x63c3
Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix Reference
0.0.0.1 1.1.1.1 421 0x80000001 0xae20 1 Network-LSA
Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Link
0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 381 0x80000003 0xb01e 2
0.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 382 0x80000002 0xa15a 1
0.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 400 0x80000002 0xd51e 1
Network-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.5 3.3.3.3 382 0x80000001 0x7e85
0.0.0.5 4.4.4.4 400 0x80000001 0x9269
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.1 2.2.2.2 403 0x80000001 0x7a8a
Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix Reference
0.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 383 0x80000001 0xe4d9 1 Network-LSA
0.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 401 0x80000001 0x11a4 1 Network-LSA
[~ABR-ospfv3-1]
[~ABR-ospfv3-1] dis ospfv3 lsdb inter-prefix
OSPFv3 Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process 1)
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
LS Age: 95
LS Type: Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA
Link State ID: 0.0.0.4
Originating Router: 2.2.2.2
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0x63c3
Length: 32
Metric: 1
Prefix: 2001:DB8::/32
Prefix Options: 0 (-|-|-|-|-)
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
LS Age: 458
LS Type: Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA
Link State ID: 0.0.0.1
Originating Router: 2.2.2.2
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0x7a8a
Length: 36
Metric: 1
Prefix: 2001:DB8:1::/64
Prefix Options: 0 (-|-|-|-|-)
[~ABR-ospfv3-1]
在ABR上执行命令display ospfv3 abr-summary-list,可以查看ABR对Area 1区域内的路由进行路由聚合的信息。
[~ABR-ospfv3-1]dis ospfv3 abr-summary-list
OSPFv3 Process (1)
Area ID : 0.0.0.1
Prefix Prefix-Len Matched Status
2001:DB8:: 32 2 [Active] Advertised
[~ABR-ospfv3-1]
[~ABR-ospfv3-1]