场景
在pub/sub模式中,我们实现了日志消息的广播分发。在该例程中,我们对日志消息做一个路由,从而消费者可以只接收到指定的消息。
- 生产者生产带有标识的消息
- 消费者根据需求只接收到过滤后的消息
- Exchange自动路由消息
示意图如下:
生产者
代码:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
# 创建Exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')
severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or "Hello World!"
# 发送消息
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message)
print("[x] Sent to %r" %message)
connection.close()
仅对主要部分说明:
- 创建Exchange。指定了Exchange的名称和类型,direct类型要求完全匹配
- 发送消息。生产者直接把消息发送到Exchange,Exchange根据routing_key路由消息到相应的消息队列
消费者
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
# 创建Exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')
# 创建queue,名称随机,连接断开后自动删除
result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(1)
# 绑定queue和Exchange
for severity in severities:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
# 不发确认包
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
说明:
- 创建Exchange。指定了名称和类型。
- 创建随机命名的queue,并在连接断开后自动删除。
- 绑定。为每个想要接收的消息绑定Exchange和queue。
结果
启动消费者时,以命令行参数指定想要接收的消息类别,如:
python receive.py error
只接收以error标识改过来的消息。