一、HttpServletRespons
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse;
- 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
- 如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse
1、简单分类
负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
响应的状态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
2、文件下载
- 向浏览器输出消息
- 下载文件
- 获取下载文件的路径
- 下载的文件名是啥?
- 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
- 获取下载文件的输入流
- 创建缓冲区
- 获取OutputStream对象
- 将FileOutStream流写入到缓冲区
- 使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端!
@Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { // 获取下载文件的路径 String realPath = "E:\\teach\\gwq\\javaweb_02\\response\\target\\classes\\1.jpg"; System.out.println("下载文件的路径:" + realPath); // 下载的文件名是啥? String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1); // 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder,encode编码,否则有可能乱码 resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8")); // 获取下载文件的输入流 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath); // 创建缓冲区 int len = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // 获取OutputStream对象 ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream(); // 将FileOutStream流写入到缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端 while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){ out.write(buffer,0,len); } in.close(); out.close(); }
3、验证码功能
验证怎么实现?
- 前端实现
- 后端实现,需要用到Java的图片类,生产一张图片
代码实现:
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次
resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
// 在内存中创建一个图片
BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
// 得到图片
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) bufferedImage.getGraphics();
// 设置图片的背景颜色
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0,0,40,80);
// 给图片写数据
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
// 告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
resp.setContentType("image/png");
// 网站存在缓冲,不让浏览器缓存
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
// 把图片写给浏览器
ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", resp.getOutputStream());
}
// 生成随机数
private String makeNum(){
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(9999) + "";
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0;i < 4-num.length();i++ ){
stringBuffer.append("0");
}
num = stringBuffer.toString() + num;
return num;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
4、实现重定向(重点)
B一个web资源收到客户端A请求后,B他会通知A客户端去访问另外一个web资源,这个过程叫重定向。
常见场景:
- 用户登录
void sendRedirect(string var1) throws IOException;
测试:
/*
resp.setHeader("Location","/image");
resp.setStatus(302);
*/
resp.sendRedirect("/image");
面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别?
相同点
- 页面都会实现跳转
不同点
- 请求转发的时候,url不会发生变化;307
- 重定向时候,url地址栏会发生变化;302
HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息
1、获取前段传递的参数
2、请求转发
案例代码:
LoginServlet.Class
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
System.out.println("=======================");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
System.out.println("=======================");
// 通过请求转发
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<div>
<%-- 这里表单表示的意思,以post方式提交表单,提交到我们的login请求 --%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="女孩">女孩
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="代码">代码
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="男孩">男孩
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="足球">足球
<br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录成功</h1>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
解决后台中文乱码:
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
解决页面中文乱码:
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");