PyQt6 学习笔记（1）

视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1US4y1P7ae

PyQt6 安装

pip install PyQt6 -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

三大窗口

QMainWindow-主程序窗口基类

QDialog-对话窗口基类

QWidget-用户界面对象基类

Qt Designer

写代码当然很慢了，拖控件多方便。

这个现在 PyQt6 默认安装好了，如果没有再安装。

安装：pip install pyqt6-tools -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

打开位置：...\anaconda\Lib\site-packages\qt6_applications\Qt\bin\designer.exe

ui 文件转换为 py 文件：在项目路径下：pyuic6 -x WindowUI.ui -o windowui.py ，文件名自定。

加载 ui 文件：

from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
import sys
from PyQt6 import uic


class UI(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        uic.loadUi("WindowUI.ui", self)


app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = UI()
window.show()
app.exec()

QWidgets

QLabel

from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QLabel
from PyQt6.QtGui import QIcon, QFont, QPixmap, QMovie
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 700, 400)
        self.setWindowTitle("Python GUI")
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('image/logo.png'))   # 程序左上角图标
        # self.setFixedWidth(700)
        # self.setFixedHeight(400)  # 固定窗口大小，不鞥改变
        # self.setStyleSheet('background-color:green')    # 窗口颜色
        # self.setWindowOpacity(0.5)  # 窗口不透明度 0-1
        '''
        label = QLabel("python GUI", self)
        label.setText("new text is here")
        label.move(100, 100)
        label.setFont(QFont("Sanseif", 15))
        label.setStyleSheet('color:red')
        # label.setText(str(12))
        label.setNum(15)
        label.clear()
        '''

        label = QLabel(self)
        pixmap = QPixmap('image/zy.jpg')    # 静态图
        label.setPixmap(pixmap)

        movie = QMovie('image/xx.gif')  # gif
        movie.setSpeed(500)
        label.setMovie(movie)
        movie.start()


app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())

QPushButton

from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QMenu
from PyQt6.QtGui import QIcon, QFont
from PyQt6.QtCore import QSize
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 700, 400)
        self.setWindowTitle("Python GUI")
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('image/logo.png'))   # 程序左上角图标

        self.create_button()

    def create_button(self):
        btn = QPushButton('click', self)
        btn.setGeometry(100, 100, 200, 200)
        btn.setFont(QFont('Times',14,QFont.Weight.ExtraBold))
        btn.setIcon(QIcon('image/logo.png'))
        btn.setIconSize(QSize(36, 36))

        # popup menu
        menu = QMenu()
        menu.setFont(QFont('Times', 14, QFont.Weight.ExtraBold))
        menu.setStyleSheet('background-color:green')
        menu.addAction('Copy')
        menu.addAction('Cut')
        menu.addAction('Paste')
        btn.setMenu(menu)

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())

QLineEdit

from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QLineEdit
from PyQt6.QtGui import QIcon, QFont
from PyQt6.QtCore import QSize
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 700, 400)
        self.setWindowTitle("Python GUI")
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('image/logo.png'))   # 程序左上角图标

        line_edit = QLineEdit(self)
        line_edit.setFont(QFont('Sanserif', 15))
        # line_edit.setText('请在此输入：')   # 在框内显性显示
        # line_edit.setPlaceholderText('请输入用户名')  # 在框内隐性显示
        # line_edit.setEnabled(False) # 禁用编辑
        line_edit.setEchoMode(QLineEdit.EchoMode.Password)  # 设置为密码mode

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())

QHBoxLayout-水平对齐部件

from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QPushButton
from PyQt6.QtGui import QIcon, QFont
from PyQt6.QtCore import QSize
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 700, 400)
        self.setWindowTitle("Python GUI")
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('image/logo.png'))   # 程序左上角图标

        hbox = QHBoxLayout()

        btn1 = QPushButton('click 1')
        btn2 = QPushButton('click 2')
        btn3 = QPushButton('click 3')
        btn4 = QPushButton('click 4')

        hbox.addWidget(btn1)
        hbox.addWidget(btn2)
        hbox.addWidget(btn3)
        hbox.addWidget(btn4)
        # hbox.setSpacing(100)    # 设置间距
        # hbox.setStretch(5)	# 拉伸

        self.setLayout(hbox)	# 设置主窗口布局

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())

QVBoxLayout-垂直对齐部件

同 QHBoxLayout，替换一下即可

QGridLayout-行列对齐部件

from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QGridLayout, QPushButton
from PyQt6.QtGui import QIcon, QFont
from PyQt6.QtCore import QSize
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 700, 400)
        self.setWindowTitle("Python GUI")
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('image/logo.png'))   # 程序左上角图标

        grid = QGridLayout()

        btn1 = QPushButton('click 1')
        btn2 = QPushButton('click 2')
        btn3 = QPushButton('click 3')
        btn4 = QPushButton('click 4')

        grid.addWidget(btn1, 0, 0)  # 设置行列号
        grid.addWidget(btn2, 0, 1)
        grid.addWidget(btn3, 1, 0)
        grid.addWidget(btn4, 1, 1)

        self.setLayout(grid)

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())

Event Handling

from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QLabel, QHBoxLayout
from PyQt6.QtGui import QIcon, QFont
from PyQt6.QtCore import QSize
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.setGeometry(200, 200, 700, 400)
        self.setWindowTitle("Python GUI")
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('image/logo.png'))   # 程序左上角图标
        self.create_widget()

    def create_widget(self):
        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        btn = QPushButton('change text')
        btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.clicked_btn())
        self.label = QLabel('六级不过是狗')

        hbox.addWidget(btn)
        hbox.addWidget(self.label)

        self.setLayout(hbox)

    def clicked_btn(self):
        self.label.setText('我是狗')
        self.label.setFont(QFont('Times', 15))
        self.label.setStyleSheet('color:red')


app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())