boost之foreach

• 头文件 #include “boost/foreach.hpp”
• foreach可以用在array, string还有其他stl的容器如vector,list,deque上，形式为 BOOST_FOREACH( 元素, 可迭代对象)，还有BOOST_REVERSE_FOREACH(元素类型, 可迭代对象)可以用于反向迭代。
• foreach还可以作用于能够返回可迭代对象的函数上。
• 元素字段可以返回引用和非引用，返回引用的话可以修改原来的可迭代对象；返回非引用的化类似于值传递。

• foreach还可以用在二维数组中。

• 示例代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <deque>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>

using namespace std;

//此函数返回一个可迭代对象，用于foreach中。
vector<int> * get_filled_vec( void ) {
    vector<int> * vecp = new vector<int>();
    vecp->push_back(1);
    vecp->push_back(2);
    vecp->push_back(3);
    vecp->push_back(4);
    vecp->push_back(5);
    return vecp;
}

int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    //1.Use foreach in array.
    int arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
    BOOST_FOREACH(int i, arr) { cout << "  " << i;}
    cout << endl;
    BOOST_REVERSE_FOREACH(int i, arr) { cout << "  " << i;}
    cout << endl;
    BOOST_FOREACH(int & i, arr) { i += 100; } //return reference.
    BOOST_FOREACH(int i, arr) { cout << "  " << i;}
    cout << endl;

    //2.Use foreach in string.
    string str = "Hello world!";
    BOOST_REVERSE_FOREACH(char ch, str) { cout << "  " << ch << endl; }
    cout << endl;

    //3.Use foreach in stl container.
    //3.1 vector
    vector<int> vec(&arr[0], &arr[8]);
    BOOST_FOREACH(int i, vec) { cout << "  " << i; }
    cout << endl;
    //3.2 list
    list<int> lst(arr, arr+8);
    BOOST_FOREACH(int & i, lst) { cout << "  " << i; }
    cout << endl;
    //3.3 deque
    deque<int> deq(arr, arr+8);
    BOOST_FOREACH(int i, deq) { cout << "  " << i; }
    cout << endl;

    //4.Use foreach in function.
    BOOST_FOREACH(int i, *get_filled_vec()) { cout << "  " << i; }
    cout << endl;

    //5. for 2 dimosion vector {} is not necessary.
    vector<vector<int> > dim2;
    vector<int> vec1(arr, arr+8);
    vector<int> vec2(arr, arr+8);
    dim2.push_back(vec1);
    dim2.push_back(vec2);

    cout << "====" << endl;
    BOOST_FOREACH(vector<int> & vec, dim2) {
        BOOST_FOREACH(int item, vec)
            cout << "  " << item;
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

• 编译方法：

INC = -I/root/software/boostLib/boost_1_64_0

all:
    g++ ${INC} foreachDemo.cpp
clean:
    rm -f ./a.out