Android 关于6.0,7.0权限的那点事

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-24 09:35:27 发布

码农小虫

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-24 09:35:27 发布

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分类专栏： android开发文章标签：动态权限 Android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/h1015038310/article/details/84029262

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前言：最近把项目 targetSdkVersion 从22直接升级到27，因此就需要对新的动态权限相关问题进行一箩筐的操作。写这篇文章总结一下。

我在项目里用的是EasyPermission工具类进行的动态权限判断。首先，在build.gradle中添加依赖：

implementation 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:1.1.3'

然后就是对自己用到的动态权限进行判断啦。我这边用到的权限是

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

在这里就需要建一个工具类了，对相同的权限组中的权限进行分类。

public class PermissionUtil {
    public static final String[] REQUEST_PERMISSIONS = {Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS
            , Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
            , Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
            , Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};
    public static final String CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
    public static final String READ_CONTACTS = Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS;
    public static final String ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
    public static final String ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
    public static final String RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
    public static final String READ_PHONE_STATE = Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
    public static final String READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
    public static final String WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
    /**
     * 定位相关权限
     **/
    public static final String[] REQUEST_LOCATION_PERMISSIONS = {Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
            , Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};
    /**
     * 拍照相关权限
     */
    public static final String[] REQUEST_PHOTO_PERMISSIONS = {Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};
    /**
     * 文件读写
     */
    public static final String[] REQUEST_FILE_PERMISSIONS = {Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};
    /**
     * 语音相关
     */
    public static final String[] REQUEST_VOICE_PERMISSIONS = {Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};

    /**
     * 申请权限时的权限分类申请,0全部,1拍照相关,2定位相关,3文件相关,4语音相关
     * Activity时使用
     */
    public static void requestPermissionMethod(Activity activity, Context mContext, int flag, int requestCode) {
        List<String> perms = new ArrayList<>();
        switch (flag) {
            case 0:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, CAMERA)) {
                    perms.add(CAMERA);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, READ_CONTACTS)) {
                    perms.add(READ_CONTACTS);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
                    perms.add(ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)) {
                    perms.add(ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, RECORD_AUDIO)) {
                    perms.add(RECORD_AUDIO);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, READ_PHONE_STATE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_PHONE_STATE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            case 1:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, CAMERA)) {
                    perms.add(CAMERA);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            case 2:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
                    perms.add(ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)) {
                    perms.add(ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, READ_PHONE_STATE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_PHONE_STATE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            case 3:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            case 4:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, RECORD_AUDIO)) {
                    perms.add(RECORD_AUDIO);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(activity, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        int size = perms.size();
        EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(activity, “需要您同意以下权限。”, requestCode, (String[]) perms.toArray(new String[size]));
    }

    /**
     * 申请权限时的权限分类申请,0全部,1拍照相关,2定位相关,3文件相关,4语音相关
     * Fragment使用
     */
    public static void requestPermissionMethodForF(Fragment fragment, Context mContext, int flag, int requestCode) {
        List<String> perms = new ArrayList<>();
        switch (flag) {
            case 0:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, CAMERA)) {
                    perms.add(CAMERA);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, READ_CONTACTS)) {
                    perms.add(READ_CONTACTS);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
                    perms.add(ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)) {
                    perms.add(ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, RECORD_AUDIO)) {
                    perms.add(RECORD_AUDIO);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, READ_PHONE_STATE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_PHONE_STATE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            case 1:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, CAMERA)) {
                    perms.add(CAMERA);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            case 2:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
                    perms.add(ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)) {
                    perms.add(ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, READ_PHONE_STATE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_PHONE_STATE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            case 3:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            case 4:
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, RECORD_AUDIO)) {
                    perms.add(RECORD_AUDIO);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                if (!EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(mContext, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    perms.add(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        int size = perms.size();
        EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(fragment, “需要您同意以下权限。”, requestCode, (String[]) perms.toArray(new String[size]));
    }
}

在工具类中首先把用到的权限都声明出来，然后有两个方法分别用在Activity和Fragment中，方法都是一样的，只是参数区别，

然后就是在Activity中的使用啦。

在这里以拍照为例：

首先让Activity或者Fragment重写 onRequestPermissionsResult 方法，在这个方法里使用EasyPermission去申请权限

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    // EasyPermissions handles the request result.
    EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}

然后让Activity或者Fragment实现 EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks 这个接口中有两个方法，

@Override
public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, @NonNull List<String> perms) {
     if (requestCode == RESULT_LOAD_PHOTO_PERMISSIONS && EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, PermissionUtil.REQUEST_PHOTO_PERMISSIONS)) {
        goCamera();
    }
}

@Override
public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, @NonNull List<String> perms) {
    new  AppSettingsDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("提示").setRationale("缺少必要权限，应用可能无法正常工作，是否前往设置页面进行设置？").build().show();
}

第一个方法 onPermissionsGranted 顾名思义，权限申请通过了，这个方法只会在给用户弹出了申请权限的悬浮框之后点击允许时会调用，如果用户在点击拒绝之后选择了不再询问，那么这个方法就不会再被调用了。

这个时候第二个方法 onPermissionsDenied 就派上了用场，如果用户拒绝了权限或者点击不再询问之后，再次申请了权限都会调用这个方法，在这个方法里，我们给用户一个弹出框去询问是否到应用设置页面进行权限设置。

对于这两个方法，再多说一句，假如我申请了5个权限，同意了两个，拒绝了三个。那么 onPermissionsGranted 中返回过来的perms（同意的权限集合）的size就会是2.onPermissionsDenied 就是三个。

好了，继续说权限的问题。在 onPermissionsGranted 方法中，我们用requestCode进行了判断，判断是否是点击相机而发起的权限申请，并且相机的相关权限全部打开了。我们就会去调用goCamera这个方法去拍照。

/**
 * 去往相机
 */
private void goCamera() {
   long photoName = System.currentTimeMillis();
   File cameraFile = new File(saveDir.getPath(), photoName + ".jpg");
    if (!saveDir.exists()) {
        saveDir.mkdirs();
    }
    if (cameraFile.exists()) {
        cameraFile.delete();
    }
    Intent cameraIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
    Uri uri;
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
        uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "android.file.path", cameraFile);
    } else {
        uri = Uri.fromFile(cameraFile);
    }
    cameraIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
    startActivityForResult(cameraIntent, RESULT_LOAD_IMAGE_FORCAMERA);
}

在这个方法里就用到了7.0的文件权限的相关修改。对于7.0权限的问题使用方法就不细说了。网上一大堆。举个特例，如果在7.0上使用别的应用打开下载的文件。需要加上

intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);

这个属性。

end。

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Android 关于6.0,7.0权限的那点事

前言：最近把项目 targetSdkVersion 从22直接升级到27，因此就需要对新的动态权限相关问题进行一箩筐的操作。写这篇文章总结一下。我在项目里用的是EasyPermission工具类进行的动态权限判断。首先，在build.gradle中添加依赖：implementation 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:1.1.3'然后就是对自己用到的动态权限进...
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