Ant的实现原理

在build.xml中，我们使用一句简单的脚本就可以执行想要做的事情，比如说：

<delete dir="d://testMKDir" />

上面这句脚本将删除 d://testMKDir

很神奇，有木有？

想知道怎么实现的吗？

继续往下看....

将ant.jar反编译一下，我看看到如下东东：

 

原来ant将这些操作都封装了起来。这些操作都有一个共通的基类叫Task(抽象类)。

public void execute() throws BuildException{

}

其中有个空实现的execute方法，为什么提这个，后面你就知道了。

 

下面来测试一下：

/*
     * <delete dir="d://testMKDir" /> 
     * <mkdir dir="d://testMKDir" />
     * delete=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Delete
     * mkdir=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Mkdir
     */public static void execute(String obj, String path) {
        try {
            Method setMethod = null;
            Class classObj = Class.forName(obj);
            Object objectCopy = classObj.getConstructor(new Class[] {})
                    .newInstance(new Object[] {});
            setMethod = classObj.getMethod("setDir", new Class[] { File.class });
            setMethod.invoke(objectCopy, new File(path));
            Task task = (Task) objectCopy;
            task.execute();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

调用上面的方法：

execute("org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Mkdir", "d://testMKDir");
execute("org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Delete", "d://testMKDir");

执行之后，控制台输出：

Created dir: d:\testMKDir
Deleting directory d:\testMKDir

由上可知，build.xml中的执行过程大致为：

以解析<mkdir dir = "d://testMKDir" />为例：

• 解析到了mkdir，就根据属性文件defaults.properties查找到： mkdir=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Mkdir
• 通过反射创建org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Mkdir对象
• 获取其属性比如File dir;
• 根据属性设置方法setDir(File dir);
• 最后用其父类调用execute()方法

defaults.properties文件在org.apache.tools.ant.types包下，内容如下：

defaults.properties
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# standard ant tasks
ant=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Ant
antcall=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.CallTarget
antstructure=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.AntStructure
antversion=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.condition.AntVersion
apply=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Transform
available=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Available
basename=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Basename
buildnumber=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.BuildNumber
bunzip2=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.BUnzip2
bzip2=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.BZip2
checksum=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Checksum
chmod=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Chmod
classloader=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Classloader
concat=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Concat
condition=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ConditionTask
copy=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Copy
cvs=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Cvs
cvschangelog=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.cvslib.ChangeLogTask
cvspass=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.CVSPass
cvstagdiff=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.cvslib.CvsTagDiff
cvsversion=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.cvslib.CvsVersion
defaultexcludes=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.DefaultExcludes
delete=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Delete
dependset=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.DependSet
diagnostics=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.DiagnosticsTask
dirname=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Dirname
ear=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Ear
echo=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Echo
exec=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ExecTask
fail=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Exit
filter=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Filter
fixcrlf=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.FixCRLF
genkey=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.GenerateKey
get=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Get
gunzip=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.GUnzip
gzip=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.GZip
import=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ImportTask
input=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Input
jar=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Jar
java=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Java
javac=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac
javadoc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javadoc
length=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Length
loadfile=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.LoadFile
loadproperties=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.LoadProperties
loadresource=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.LoadResource
macrodef=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.MacroDef
mail=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.email.EmailTask
manifest=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ManifestTask
manifestclasspath=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ManifestClassPath
mkdir=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Mkdir
move=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Move
nice=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Nice
parallel=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Parallel
patch=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Patch
pathconvert=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.PathConvert
presetdef=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.PreSetDef
property=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Property
record=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Recorder
replace=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Replace
retry=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Retry
rmic=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Rmic
sequential=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Sequential
signjar=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.SignJar
sleep=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Sleep
sql=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.SQLExec
subant=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.SubAnt
sync=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Sync
tar=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Tar
taskdef=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Taskdef
tempfile=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.TempFile
touch=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Touch
tstamp=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Tstamp
truncate=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Truncate
typedef=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Typedef
unjar=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Expand
untar=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Untar
unwar=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Expand
unzip=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Expand
uptodate=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.UpToDate
waitfor=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.WaitFor
war=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.War
whichresource=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.WhichResource
xmlproperty=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.XmlProperty
xslt=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.XSLTProcess
zip=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Zip

# optional tasks
antlr=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ANTLR
apt=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Apt
attrib=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.windows.Attrib
blgenclient=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ejb.BorlandGenerateClient
cab=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.Cab
cccheckin=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCCheckin
cccheckout=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCCheckout
cclock=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCLock
ccmcheckin=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ccm.CCMCheckin
ccmcheckintask=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ccm.CCMCheckinDefault
ccmcheckout=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ccm.CCMCheckout
ccmcreatetask=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ccm.CCMCreateTask
ccmkattr=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCMkattr
ccmkbl=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCMkbl
ccmkdir=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCMkdir
ccmkelem=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCMkelem
ccmklabel=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCMklabel
ccmklbtype=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCMklbtype
ccmreconfigure=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ccm.CCMReconfigure
ccrmtype=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCRmtype
ccuncheckout=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCUnCheckout
ccunlock=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCUnlock
ccupdate=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.clearcase.CCUpdate
chgrp=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.unix.Chgrp
chown=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.unix.Chown
csc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.dotnet.CSharp
ddcreator=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ejb.DDCreator
depend=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.depend.Depend
echoproperties=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.EchoProperties
echoxml=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.EchoXML
ejbc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ejb.Ejbc
ejbjar=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ejb.EjbJar
ftp=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.net.FTP
ilasm=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.dotnet.Ilasm
ildasm=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.dotnet.Ildasm
image=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.image.Image
importtypelib=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.dotnet.ImportTypelib
iplanet-ejbc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ejb.IPlanetEjbcTask
jarlib-available=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.extension.JarLibAvailableTask
jarlib-display=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.extension.JarLibDisplayTask
jarlib-manifest=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.extension.JarLibManifestTask
jarlib-resolve=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.extension.JarLibResolveTask
javacc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.javacc.JavaCC
javah=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.Javah
jdepend=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.jdepend.JDependTask
jjdoc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.javacc.JJDoc
jjtree=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.javacc.JJTree
jsharpc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.dotnet.JSharp
junit=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTask
junitreport=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.XMLResultAggregator
makeurl=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.MakeUrl
native2ascii=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.Native2Ascii
netrexxc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.NetRexxC
p4add=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Add
p4change=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Change
p4counter=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Counter
p4delete=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Delete
p4edit=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Edit
p4fstat=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Fstat
p4have=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Have
p4integrate=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Integrate
p4label=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Label
p4labelsync=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Labelsync
p4reopen=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Reopen
p4resolve=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Resolve
p4revert=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Revert
p4submit=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Submit
p4sync=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.perforce.P4Sync
propertyfile=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.PropertyFile
pvcs=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.pvcs.Pvcs
replaceregexp=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ReplaceRegExp
resourcecount=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ResourceCount
rexec=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.net.RExecTask
rpm=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.Rpm
schemavalidate=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.SchemaValidate
scp=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ssh.Scp
script=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.Script
scriptdef=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.script.ScriptDef
serverdeploy=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.j2ee.ServerDeploy
setproxy=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.net.SetProxy
soscheckin=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.sos.SOSCheckin
soscheckout=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.sos.SOSCheckout
sosget=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.sos.SOSGet
soslabel=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.sos.SOSLabel
sound=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.sound.SoundTask
splash=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.splash.SplashTask
sshexec=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ssh.SSHExec
stcheckin=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.starteam.StarTeamCheckin
stcheckout=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.starteam.StarTeamCheckout
stlabel=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.starteam.StarTeamLabel
stlist=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.starteam.StarTeamList
stylebook=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.StyleBook
symlink=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.unix.Symlink
telnet=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.net.TelnetTask
translate=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.i18n.Translate
vbc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.dotnet.VisualBasicCompile
verifyjar=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.VerifyJar
vssadd=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.vss.MSVSSADD
vsscheckin=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.vss.MSVSSCHECKIN
vsscheckout=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.vss.MSVSSCHECKOUT
vsscp=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.vss.MSVSSCP
vsscreate=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.vss.MSVSSCREATE
vssget=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.vss.MSVSSGET
vsshistory=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.vss.MSVSSHISTORY
vsslabel=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.vss.MSVSSLABEL
wljspc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.jsp.WLJspc
wlrun=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ejb.WLRun
wlstop=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ejb.WLStop
wsdltodotnet=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.dotnet.WsdlToDotnet
xmlvalidate=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.XMLValidateTask


# deprecated ant tasks (kept for back compatibility)
copydir=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Copydir
copyfile=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Copyfile
copypath=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.CopyPath
deltree=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Deltree
execon=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.ExecuteOn
javadoc2=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javadoc
jlink=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.jlink.JlinkTask
jspc=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.jsp.JspC
mimemail=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.net.MimeMail
rename=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Rename
renameext=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.RenameExtensions
starteam=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.scm.AntStarTeamCheckOut
style=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.XSLTProcess
WsdlToDotnet=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.dotnet.WsdlToDotnet

类似的，测试一下copy方法如下

public static void execute_Copy(String obj, String path,String destPath) {
        try {
            Method setMethod = null;
            Method setDestMethod = null;
            Class classObj = Class.forName(obj);
            Object objectCopy = classObj.getConstructor(new Class[] {})
            .newInstance(new Object[] {});
            
            setMethod = classObj.getMethod("setFile", new Class[] { File.class });
            setMethod.invoke(objectCopy, new File(path));
            
            setDestMethod = classObj.getMethod("setTofile", new Class[] { File.class });
            setDestMethod.invoke(objectCopy, new File(destPath));
            
            
            Task task = (Task) objectCopy;
            task.execute();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

以上测试基于ant 1.7版，其他版本应该也差不多..