Android studio 3.3.2中使用JNI详细记录

NDK两种方式使用:
1.建立项目时:基本是一路单击

运行后:

2.在原有项目的基础上进行ndk开发

新建JNI.java

package appstore.xianchuang.com.javatoc;

public class JNI {
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("passparam");
    }
    //传递int类型数据
    public native  int add(int x,int y);
    //传递String类型数据
    public native String sayHelloInC(String s);
    //传递int[]类型数据
    public native int [ ] arrElementsIncrease(int [ ] intArray);
}

编译:

把生成的JNI.class复制到java文件夹中

进入命令行: 此处应为JNI

生成如下.h文件

新建 一个jni文件夹,把.h文件放入进去,主要是方便管理,然后新建C/c++ source file

删除前几步拷贝的JNI.class文件

新建一个.c文件

完成后新建CMakeLists.txt ,也放入jni文件夹中

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)


add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
        passparam

        # Sets the library as a shared library.
        SHARED

        # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
        passparam.c)


find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
        log-lib

        # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
        # you want CMake to locate.
        log)


target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
        passparam

        # Links the target library to the log library
        # included in the NDK.
        ${log-lib})

与c建立连接,选CMAKE方式, ndk-build方式我没有成功,不建议

build.gradle中加入下面代码,大功告成

.C文件详解:

#include <jni.h>
#include <string>

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
//本地函数命名规则: java_包名_native函数所在的类的类名_native方法名这一步其实可以根据.h文件来完成
Java_com_itcast_cn_cproject_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
        JNIEnv* env,    //第二个参数:JniEnv * JNIEnv是结构体JNINativeInterface这个结构体的一级指针
                        //env又是JNIEnv的一级指标,那么env就是JNINativeinterface的二级指针
                        //结构体JNINativeInterface定义了大量的函数指针,这些指针在JNI开发中十分常用.
        jobject /* this */) { //第一个参数就是调用当前native方法的java对象
    std::string hello = "Hello from C++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

C中:

//将jstring类型转换成char类型
char* _JString2CStr( JNIEnv * env, jstring jstr )
{
    char * rtn = NULL;
    jclass clsstring = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/String");
    jstring strencode = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "GB2312");
    jmethodID mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, clsstring, "getBytes", "(Ljava/lang/String;)[B");
    jbyteArray barr= (jbyteArray)(*env)->CallObjectMethod(env, jstr,mid,strencode);
    jsize alen = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, barr);
    jbyte * ba = (*env)->GetByteArrayElements(env, barr,JNI_FALSE);
    if(alen > 0)
    {
        rtn = (char*)malloc(alen+1); //new char[alen+1];
        memcpy(rtn,ba,alen);
        rtn[alen]=0;
    }
    (*env)->ReleaseByteArrayElements(env, barr,ba,0);
 
    return rtn;
}

//将char类型转换成jstring类型
jstring CStr2Jstring( JNIEnv* env,const char* str )
{
    jsize len = strlen(str);
    // 定义java String类 strClass
    jclass strClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/String");
    //设置String, 保存语言类型,用于byte数组转换至String时的参数
    jstring encoding = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "GB2312");
    // 获取java String类方法String(byte[],String)的构造器,用于将本地byte[]数组转换为一个新String
    jmethodID ctorID = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, strClass, "<init>", "([BLjava/lang/String;)V");
    // 建立byte数组
    jbyteArray bytes = (*env)->NewByteArray(env, len);
    // 将char* 转换为byte数组
    (*env)->SetByteArrayRegion(env, bytes, 0, len, (jbyte*)str);
    //将byte数组转换为java String,并输出
    return (jstring)(*env)->NewObject(env, strClass, ctorID, bytes, encoding);
}

案例: java传递数据给C

1.passparam.c

#include <jni.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <string.h>

/*
 * 把一个Jstring转换成一个c语言的char *类型
 * */
char * _JString2CStr(JNIEnv* env,jstring jstr){
    char* rtn=NULL;
    jclass clsstring=(*env)->FindClass(env,"java/lang/String");
    jstring strencode =(*env)->NewStringUTF(env,"GB2312");
    jmethodID mid=(*env)->GetMethodID(env,clsstring,"getBytes","(Ljava/lang/String;)[B");
    jbyteArray barr=(jbyteArray)(*env)->CallObjectMethod(env,jstr,mid,strencode);
    jsize alen=(*env)->GetArrayLength(env,barr);
    jbyte* ba =(*env)->GetByteArrayElements(env,barr,JNI_FALSE);
    if(alen>0){
        rtn=(char*)malloc(alen+1); //"\0"
        memcpy(rtn,ba,alen);
        rtn[alen]=0;
    }
    (*env)->ReleaseByteArrayElements(env,barr,ba,0);
    return rtn;
}
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_appstore_xianchuang_com_javatoc_JNI_add
  (JNIEnv * env, jobject thiz, jint x, jint y){
    return x+y;
  };

/*
 * Class:     appstore_xianchuang_com_javatoc_JNI
 * Method:    sayHelloInC
 * Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;
 */
JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_appstore_xianchuang_com_javatoc_JNI_sayHelloInC
  (JNIEnv * env, jobject thiz, jstring jstr){
        //把java字符串转换成c字符串
        char* cstr=_JString2CStr(env,jstr);
        //获取c字符串长度
        int length=strlen(cstr);
        int i;
    for (i = 0; i <length ; i++) {
        *(cstr+i)+=1;
    }
    return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env,cstr);
};

//传递int类型的数组
JNIEXPORT jintArray JNICALL Java_appstore_xianchuang_com_javatoc_JNI_arrElementsIncrease
  (JNIEnv * env, jobject thiz, jintArray jarr){
    //获取数组的长度
    int length =(*env)->GetArrayLength(env,jarr);
    //获取数组首地址
    jboolean isCopy=NULL;  //判断执行完GetIntArrayElements之后是否创建了新
                        //数组,如果创建了副本就返回true,没有创建就返回false
    int *p=(*env)->GetIntArrayElements(env,jarr,NULL);
    int i;
    for(i=0;i<length;i++){
        *(p+i)+=10;
    }
    /*由于获取到了数组的首地址,所以通过指针操作了每一个元素之后jarr里的
     * 每一个元素都被修改了,所以没有必要创建新的数组,直接返回jarr*/
    return jarr;
};

package appstore.xianchuang.com.javatoc;

public class JNI {
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("passparam");
    }
    //传递int类型数据
    public native  int add(int x,int y);
    //传递String类型数据
    public native String sayHelloInC(String s);
    //传递int[]类型数据
    public native int [ ] arrElementsIncrease(int [ ] intArray);
}

package appstore.xianchuang.com.javatoc;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private JNI jni;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        jni = new JNI();
    }
    public void passInt(View v) {
        int result=jni.add(4,5);
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"答案是:"+result+"",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
    public void passString(View v){
        String result=jni.sayHelloInC("abcdef");
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,result,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
    public void passIntArray(View v){
        int [] arr = {1,2,3,4,5};
       int [] result= jni.arrElementsIncrease(arr);
       for(int i : arr){
           //System.out.println("i="+i);
           Log.d("chuandi", String.valueOf(i));
       }
    }


}

4.CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)


add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
        passparam

        # Sets the library as a shared library.
        SHARED

        # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
        passparam.c)


find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
        log-lib

        # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
        # you want CMake to locate.
        log)


target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
        passparam

        # Links the target library to the log library
        # included in the NDK.
        ${log-lib})