定义:
将一个请求封装成对象,从而让你使用不同的请求把客户端参数化,对请求排队或者记录请求的日志,可以提供命令的撤销和恢复功能。
通用类图如下:
通用代码如下:
//命令接受者
public abstract class Receiver {
public abstract void doSomething();
}
public class ConcreteReceiver1 extends Receiver {
@Override
public void doSomething() {
System.out.println("receiver1 is doing something.....");
}
}
public class ConcreteReceiver2 extends Receiver {
@Override
public void doSomething() {
System.out.println("receiver2 is doing something......");
}
}
//此处设置的是每个命令都有一个命令接受者,具体的接受者由其子类去指定
public abstract class Command {
protected final Receiver receiver;
public Command(Receiver receiver){
this.receiver=receiver;
}
public abstract void execute();
}
public class ConcreteCommand1 extends Command {
//默认的接受者
public ConcreteCommand1(){
super(new ConcreteReceiver1());
}
//可以自己设置接受者
public ConcreteCommand1(Receiver receiver) {
super(receiver);
}
@Override
public void execute() {
super.receiver.doSomething();
}
}
public class ConcreteCommand2 extends Command {
//默认的接受者
public ConcreteCommand2(){
super(new ConcreteReceiver2());
}
//还可以自己设置接受者
public ConcreteCommand2(Receiver receiver) {
super(receiver);
}
@Override
public void execute() {
super.receiver.doSomething();
}
}
//命令发出者
public class Invoker {
private Command command;
public void setCommand(Command command){
this.command=command;
}
public void action(){
this.command.execute();
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//命令发出者
Invoker invoker = new Invoker();
//命令
Command command1=new ConcreteCommand1();
Command command2=new ConcreteCommand2();
//命令发出者准备命令
invoker.setCommand(command1);
//invoker.setCommand(command2);
//命令发出者发出命令
invoker.action();
}
}
命令模式优点:
1、类间解耦
调用者角色和接受者角色之间没有任何依赖关系,调用者实现功能只需通过Command抽象类的execute()方法就可以,不需要了解到底是哪个接受者执行。
2、可扩展性
Command子类可以非常容易的扩展
命令模式的缺点:
缺点就是当Command的子类非常多时,那么这个类就会变得非常的膨胀,需慎用。