单例的几点概念。

1、构造函数必须设置为private

避免被new 出来，只能通过暴露的方法获取实例

2、懒汉和恶汉

懒汉就是用的时候才加载

double check

public class SingletonWithDoubleChecked {
    private SingletonWithDoubleChecked(){};
    private static volatile SingletonWithDoubleChecked instance = null;
    private static final Object lock = new Object();
    public static SingletonWithDoubleChecked getInstance(){
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized(lock) {
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new SingletonWithDoubleChecked();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

类似饿汉，但是用的时候才加载

public class SingletonTest {
    private SingletonTest(){};
    private static class SingletonGet{
        private static final SingletonTest instance = new SingletonTest();
    }
    public static SingletonTest getInstance(){
        return  SingletonGet.instance;
    }
}

饿汉就是项目启动就加载

public class SingletonTest {
    private SingletonTest(){};
    private static final SingletonTest instance = new SingletonTest();
    public static SingletonTest getInstance(){
        return  instance;
    }
}

为什么double check 需要volatile？

禁止指令重排

线程可见

参考