目录
1. 项目开发大纲
2. 需求分析及系统设计
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3. 主函数设计
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import os
filename = 'student.txt'
def main():
while True:
menm()
choice = int(input('请选择:'))
if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
if choice == 0:
answer = input('您确定要退出系统吗?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
print('谢谢您的适用!!!')
break # 退出系统
else:
continue
elif choice == 1:
insert() # 录入学生信息
elif choice == 2:
search()
elif choice == 3:
delete()
elif choice == 4:
modify()
elif choice == 5:
sort()
elif choice == 6:
total()
elif choice == 7:
show()
def menm():
print('=======================================学生信息管理系统=======================================')
print('------------------------------------------功能菜单------------------------------------------')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t 1.录入学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t 2.查找学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t 3.删除学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t 4.修改学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t 5.排序')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t 6.统计学生总人数')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t 7.显示所有学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t 0.退出')
print('------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------')
4. 录入学生信息功能
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def insert():
student_list = []
while True:
id = input('请输入ID(如1001):')
if not id:
break
name = input('请输入姓名:')
if not name:
break
try:
englist = int(input('请输入英语成绩:'))
python = int(input('请输入Python成绩:'))
java = int(input('请输入Java成绩:'))
except:
print('输入无效,不是整数类型,请重新输入!')
continue
# 将录入的学生信息保存到字典中
student = {'id': id, 'name': name, 'english': englist, 'python': python, 'java': java}
# 将学生信息添加在列表中
student_list.append(student)
answer = input('是否继续添加?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
# 调用save()函数
save(student_list)
print('学生信息录入完毕!!!')
def save(lst):
try:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
except:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for item in lst:
stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n')
stu_txt.close()
5. 删除学生信息功能
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def delete():
while True:
student_id = input('请输入删除学生的ID:')
if student_id != '':
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
flag = False # 标记是否删除
if student_old:
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as write:
d = {}
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item)) # 将字符串转成字典
if d['id'] != student_id:
write.write(str(d) + '\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag:
print(f'ID为{student_id}的学生信息已经删除')
else:
print(f'没有找到ID为{student_id}的学生信息')
else:
print('无学生信息')
break
show() # 删除之后重新显示所有学生信息
answer = input('是否继续删除呢?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
6. 修改学生信息功能
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def modify():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_old = rfile.readlines()
else:
return
student_id = input('请输入要修改学生的ID:')
if student_id:
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['id'] == student_id:
print('找打学生信息,可以修改相关信息')
while True:
try:
d['name'] = input('请输入姓名:')
d['english'] = input('请输入英语成绩:')
d['python'] = input('请输入Python成绩:')
d['java'] = input('请输入Java成绩:')
except:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!')
else:
break
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
print('修改成功!')
else:
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
answer = input('是否要修改其他学生信息呢?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y':
modify()
7. 查询学生信息功能
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def search():
student_query=[]
while True:
id=''
name=''
if os.path.exists(filename):
mode=input('按ID查找请输入1,按姓名查找请输入2:')
if mode=='1':
id= input('请输入学生ID:')
elif mode=='2':
name= input('请输入学生姓名:')
else:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入')
search()
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student=rfile.readlines()
for item in student:
d=dict(eval(item))
if id!='':
if d['id']==id:
student_query.append(d)
elif name!='':
if d['name']==name:
student_query.append(d)
# 显示查询结果
show_student(student_query)
# 清空列表
student_query.clear()
answer=input('是否需要继续查询?y/n\n')
if answer=='y':
continue
else:
break
else:
print('暂未保存学生信息!')
return
8. 查询/统计学生信息功能
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def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students=rfile.readlines()
if students:
print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生')
else:
print('还没有录入学生信息')
else:
print('暂未保存数据信息......')
9. 显示所有学生信息功能
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def show_student(lst):
if len(lst)==0:
print('没有查询到学生信息,无数据显示!')
return
# 查到信息 定义标题的显示格式
format_title='{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID','姓名','英语成绩','Python成绩','Java成绩','总成绩'))
# 定义内容的显示格式
format_data='{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}'
for item in lst:
print(format_data.format(item.get('id'),
item.get('name'),
item.get('english'),
item.get('python'),
item.get('java'),
int(item.get('english'))+int(item.get('python'))+int(item.get('java'))
))
def show():
student_lis=[]
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students=rfile.readlines()
for item in students:
student_lis.append(eval(item))
if student_lis:
show_student(student_lis)
else:
print('暂未保存过数据......')
10. 排序学生信息功能
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def sort():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_list=rfile.readlines()
student_new=[]
for item in student_list:
d=dict(eval(item))
student_new.append(d)
else:
return
asc_or_desc=input('请选择(0.升序;1.降序):')
if asc_or_desc=='0':
asc_or_desc=False # 表示升序排序
elif asc_or_desc=='1':
asc_or_desc=True # 表示降序排序
else:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!')
sort()
mode=input('请选择排序方式(1.按英语成绩排序;2.按Python成绩排序;3.按Java程序排序;0.按总成绩排序):')
if mode=='1':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x :int(x['english']), reverse=asc_or_desc) # lambda 匿名函数
elif mode=='2':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x :int(x['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
elif mode=='3':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x :int(x['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
elif mode=='0':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x :int(x['english'])+int(x['python'])+int(x['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
else:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!!!')
sort()
show_student(student_new)
最后 运行
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
11. 项目打包
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摘自 杨淑娟老师的 Python课程