一、函数简介
1、laplacian算子
函数原型:Laplacian(src, ddepth, dst=None, ksize=None, scale=None, delta=None, borderType=None)
src:图像矩阵
ddepth:深度类型
2、Sobel算子
函数原型:Sobel(src, ddepth, dx, dy, dst=None, ksize=None, scale=None, delta=None, borderType=None)
src:图像矩阵
ddepth:深度类型
dx:x方向
dy:y方向
3、Canny算子
函数原型:Canny(image, threshold1, threshold2, edges=None, apertureSize=None, L2gradient=None)
image:图像矩阵
threshold1:阈值1
threshold1:阈值2
二、实例演练
1、拉普拉斯边缘检测
代码如下:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#encoding:utf-8</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#laplacian边缘检测</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#</span> import numpy as np import cv2 image = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imread</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"H:\\img\\lena.jpg"</span>) image = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.cvtColor</span>(image,cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.COLOR</span>_BGR2GRAY)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#将图像转化为灰度图像</span> cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imshow</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Original"</span>,image) cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.waitKey</span>() <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#拉普拉斯边缘检测</span> lap = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Laplacian</span>(image,cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.CV</span>_64F)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#拉普拉斯边缘检测</span> lap = np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.uint</span>8(np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.absolute</span>(lap))<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">##对lap去绝对值</span> cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imshow</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Laplacian"</span>,lap) cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.waitKey</span>()</code><ul class="pre-numbering eye-protector-processed" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(193, 230, 198); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34902); list-style: none; text-align: right; transition: background 0.3s ease;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering eye-protector-processed" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(193, 230, 198); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34902); list-style: none; text-align: right; transition: background 0.3s ease;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul>
结果如下:
原图像:
laplacian边缘检测结果:
2、Soble边缘检测
代码如下:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#encoding:utf-8</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#Sobel边缘检测</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#</span> import numpy as np import cv2 image = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imread</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"H:\\img\\lena.jpg"</span>) image = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.cvtColor</span>(image,cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.COLOR</span>_BGR2GRAY)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#将图像转化为灰度图像</span> cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imshow</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Original"</span>,image) cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.waitKey</span>() <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#Sobel边缘检测</span> sobelX = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Sobel</span>(image,cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.CV</span>_64F,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#x方向的梯度</span> sobelY = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Sobel</span>(image,cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.CV</span>_64F,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#y方向的梯度</span> sobelX = np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.uint</span>8(np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.absolute</span>(sobelX))<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#x方向梯度的绝对值</span> sobelY = np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.uint</span>8(np<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.absolute</span>(sobelY))<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#y方向梯度的绝对值</span> sobelCombined = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.bitwise</span>_or(sobelX,sobelY)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#</span> cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imshow</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Sobel X"</span>, sobelX) cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.waitKey</span>() cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imshow</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Sobel Y"</span>, sobelY) cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.waitKey</span>() cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imshow</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Sobel Combined"</span>, sobelCombined) cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.waitKey</span>()</code><ul class="pre-numbering eye-protector-processed" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(193, 230, 198); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34902); list-style: none; text-align: right; transition: background 0.3s ease;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering eye-protector-processed" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(193, 230, 198); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34902); list-style: none; text-align: right; transition: background 0.3s ease;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li></ul>
结果如下:
原图像:
X方向边缘检测结果:
Y方向边缘检测结果:
XY方向结合边缘检测结果:
3、Canny边缘检测
代码如下:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#encoding:utf-8</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#Canny边缘检测</span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#</span> import numpy as np import cv2 image = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imread</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"H:\\img\\lena.jpg"</span>)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#读入图像</span> image = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.cvtColor</span>(image,cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.COLOR</span>_BGR2GRAY)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#将图像转化为灰度图像</span> cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imshow</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Image"</span>,image)<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#显示图像</span> cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.waitKey</span>() <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#Canny边缘检测</span> canny = cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Canny</span>(image,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">150</span>) cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.imshow</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Canny"</span>,canny) cv2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.waitKey</span>()</code><ul class="pre-numbering eye-protector-processed" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(193, 230, 198); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34902); list-style: none; text-align: right; transition: background 0.3s ease;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering eye-protector-processed" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(193, 230, 198); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.34902); list-style: none; text-align: right; transition: background 0.3s ease;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul>
结果如下:
原图像:
Canny边缘检测结果: