实现ping的C程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <pthread.h>

#define PACKET_SIZE       4096

struct sockaddr_in dest_addr;
struct sockaddr_in recv_addr;

struct timeval tvrecv;
char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
int sockfd,datalen=56;
int nsend=0,nreceived=0;

pid_t pid;

void statistics(int signo);
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len);
int pack(int pack_no);
void *send_packet(void *arg);
void *recv_packet(void *arg);
int unpack(char *buf,int len);
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in);

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{         
    struct hostent *host;
    struct protoent *protocol;
    unsigned long inaddr=0l;
    int size=50*1024;
    pthread_t send_id,recv_id;
    if(argc<2)
    {  

         printf("usage:%s hostname/IP address\n",argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }
    if(argc==4)
    {
          if(argv[2][0]=='-'&&argv[2][1]=='c')
         {
              /*调用alarm 可以设定一个闹钟，也就是告诉内核在seconds 秒之后
              给当前进程发SIGALRM信号，该信号的默认处理动作是终止当前进程。*/
             alarm(atoi(argv[3]));
          }
    }
    if( (protocol=getprotobyname("icmp") )==NULL)
    {    
          perror("getprotobyname");
          exit(1);
    }
    /*生成使用ICMP的原始套接字,这种套接字只有root才能生成*/
    if( (sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,protocol->p_proto) )<0)
    {       
         perror("socket error");
         exit(1);
    }
    /* 回收root权限,设置当前用户权限*/
    setuid(getuid());
    /*扩大套接字接收缓冲区到50K这样做主要为了减小接收缓冲区溢出的
    的可能性,若无意中ping一个广播地址或多播地址,将会引来大量应答*/
    setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,&size,sizeof(size) );
    bzero(&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr));
    dest_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;

    inaddr=inet_addr(argv[1]);
    /*判断是主机名还是ip地址*/
    if( inaddr==INADDR_NONE)
    {         
          if((host=gethostbyname(argv[1]) )==NULL) /*是主机名*/
         {        
               perror("gethostbyname error");
               exit(1);
          }
         memcpy( (char *)&dest_addr.sin_addr,host->h_addr,host->h_length);
    }
    else /*是ip地址*/
    {
          inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&dest_addr.sin_addr);
    }
    /*当程序收到SIGALRM 就会去执行statistics 指向的函数*/
    signal(SIGALRM,statistics);
     /*当程序收到SIGINT（ctrl+c） 就会去执行statistics 指向的函数*/
    signal(SIGINT, statistics);
    /*获取main的进程id,用于设置ICMP的标志符*/
     pid=getpid();
     printf("PING %s(%s): %d bytes data in ICMP packets.\n",argv[1],\
     inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr),datalen);
     pthread_create(&send_id, NULL, send_packet, NULL);
     pthread_create(&recv_id, NULL, recv_packet, NULL);
     pthread_join(send_id, NULL);  
     pthread_join(recv_id, NULL);
     return 0;

}
/* 信号处理函数*/
void statistics(int signo)
{   
      printf("\n----------------%s ping statistics-----------------\n",inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr));
      printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received , %%%d lost\n",nsend,nreceived,\
       (nsend-nreceived)/nsend*100);
      close(sockfd);
      exit(1);
}
/*校验和算法*/
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len)
{         
    int nleft=len;
    int sum=0;
    unsigned short *w=addr;
    unsigned short answer=0;
 
 /*把ICMP报头二进制数据以2字节为单位累加起来*/
    while(nleft>1)      
    {     
          sum+=*w++;
          nleft-=2;
    }

 /*若ICMP报头为奇数个字节，会剩下最后一字节。把最后一个字节视为
 一个2字节数据的高字节，这个2字节数据的低字节为0，继续累加*/
    if( nleft==1)
    {     
          *(unsigned char *)(&answer)=*(unsigned char *)w;
          sum+=answer;
    }
    sum=(sum>>16)+(sum&0xffff);
    sum+=(sum>>16);
    answer=~sum;
    return answer;
}
/*设置ICMP报头*/
int pack(int pack_no)
{         
     int i,packsize;
     struct icmp *icmp;
    struct timeval *tval;

    icmp=(struct icmp*)sendpacket;
    icmp->icmp_type=ICMP_ECHO;
    icmp->icmp_code=0;
    icmp->icmp_cksum=0;
    icmp->icmp_seq=pack_no;
    icmp->icmp_id=pid;
    packsize=8+datalen;
    tval= (struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
    gettimeofday(tval,NULL);    /*记录发送时间*/
    icmp->icmp_cksum=cal_chksum( (unsigned short *)icmp,packsize); /*校验算法*/
    return packsize;
}

/*发送ICMP报文*/
void *send_packet(void *arg)
{         
    int send_bytes = 0;
    while(1)
    {         
          nsend++;
          send_bytes=pack(nsend); /*设置ICMP报头*/
          if( sendto(sockfd,sendpacket,send_bytes,0,\
           (struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr) )<0    )
          {         
              perror("sendto error");
              continue;
          }
         sleep(1); /*每隔一秒发送一个ICMP报文*/
      }
}

/*接收所有ICMP报文*/
void *recv_packet(void *arg)
{         
      int n;
      int recv_addr_len;
      extern int errno;
      recv_addr_len=sizeof(recv_addr);
      while(1)
      {      
            if( (n=recvfrom(sockfd,recvpacket,sizeof(recvpacket),0,\
                (struct sockaddr *)&recv_addr,&recv_addr_len)) <0)
           {         
                   if(errno==EINTR)
                         continue;
                   perror("recvfrom error");
                  continue;
            }
            gettimeofday(&tvrecv,NULL);    /*记录接收时间*/
            if(unpack(recvpacket,n)==-1)

                  continue;
            nreceived++;
    }

}
/*剥去ICMP报头*/
int unpack(char *buf,int len)
{        
       int i,iphdrlen;
      struct ip *ip;
      struct icmp *icmp;
      struct timeval *tvsend;
      double rtt;
    
     ip=(struct ip *)buf;
     iphdrlen=ip->ip_hl<<2;      /*求ip报头长度,即ip报头的长度标志乘4*/
     icmp=(struct icmp *)(buf+iphdrlen);    /*越过ip报头,指向ICMP报头*/
     len-=iphdrlen;              /*ICMP报头及ICMP数据报的总长度*/
     if( len<8)                  /*小于ICMP报头长度则不合理*/
    {         
          printf("ICMP packets\'s length is less than 8\n");
         return -1;
     }
  /*确保所接收的是我所发的的ICMP的回应*/
    if( (icmp->icmp_type==ICMP_ECHOREPLY) && (icmp->icmp_id==pid) )
    {         
          tvsend=(struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
          tv_sub(&tvrecv,tvsend);    /*接收和发送的时间差*/
         rtt=tvrecv.tv_sec*1000+tvrecv.tv_usec/1000;    /*以毫秒为单位计算rtt*/
        /*显示相关信息*/
         printf("%d byte from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d rtt=%.3f ms\n",\
                  len,\
                 inet_ntoa(recv_addr.sin_addr),\
                 icmp->icmp_seq,\
                 ip->ip_ttl,\
                 rtt);
       }
      else      
          return -1;

      reutn 0;
}

/*两个timeval结构相减*/
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in)
{         
      if( (out->tv_usec-=in->tv_usec)<0)
      {         
            --out->tv_sec;
            out->tv_usec+=1000000;
      }
      out->tv_sec-=in->tv_sec;
}