推荐系统新闻推荐-排序模型+模型融合

排序模型

通过召回的操作， 我们已经进行了问题规模的缩减， 对于每个用户， 选择出了N篇文章作为了候选集，并基于召回的候选集构建了与用户历史相关的特征，以及用户本身的属性特征，文章本省的属性特征，以及用户与文章之间的特征，下面就是使用机器学习模型来对构造好的特征进行学习，然后对测试集进行预测，得到测试集中的每个候选集用户点击的概率，返回点击概率最大的topk个文章，作为最终的结果。

排序阶段选择了三个比较有代表性的排序模型，它们分别是：

1. LGB的排序模型
2. LGB的分类模型
3. 深度学习的分类模型DIN

得到了最终的排序模型输出的结果之后，还选择了两种比较经典的模型集成的方法：

1. 输出结果加权融合
2. Staking（将模型的输出结果再使用一个简单模型进行预测）

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import pickle
from tqdm import tqdm
import gc, os
import time
from datetime import datetime
import lightgbm as lgb
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

读取排序特征

data_path = './data_raw/'
save_path = './temp_results/'
offline = False

# 重新读取数据的时候，发现click_article_id是一个浮点数，所以将其转换成int类型
trn_user_item_feats_df = pd.read_csv(save_path + 'trn_user_item_feats_df.csv')
trn_user_item_feats_df['click_article_id'] = trn_user_item_feats_df['click_article_id'].astype(int)

if offline:
    val_user_item_feats_df = pd.read_csv(save_path + 'val_user_item_feats_df.csv')
    val_user_item_feats_df['click_article_id'] = val_user_item_feats_df['click_article_id'].astype(int)
else:
    val_user_item_feats_df = None
    
tst_user_item_feats_df = pd.read_csv(save_path + 'tst_user_item_feats_df.csv')
tst_user_item_feats_df['click_article_id'] = tst_user_item_feats_df['click_article_id'].astype(int)

# 做特征的时候为了方便，给测试集也打上了一个无效的标签，这里直接删掉就行
del tst_user_item_feats_df['label']

返回排序后的结果

def submit(recall_df, topk=5, model_name=None):
    recall_df = recall_df.sort_values(by=['user_id', 'pred_score'])
    recall_df['rank'] = recall_df.groupby(['user_id'])['pred_score'].rank(ascending=False, method='first')
    
    # 判断是不是每个用户都有5篇文章及以上
    tmp = recall_df.groupby('user_id').apply(lambda x: x['rank'].max())
    assert tmp.min() >= topk
    
    del recall_df['pred_score']
    submit = recall_df[recall_df['rank'] <= topk].set_index(['user_id', 'rank']).unstack(-1).reset_index()
    
    submit.columns = [int(col) if isinstance(col, int) else col for col in submit.columns.droplevel(0)]
    # 按照提交格式定义列名
    submit = submit.rename(columns={'': 'user_id', 1: 'article_1', 2: 'article_2', 
                                                  3: 'article_3', 4: 'article_4', 5: 'article_5'})
    
    save_name = save_path + model_name + '_' + datetime.today().strftime('%m-%d') + '.csv'
    submit.to_csv(save_name, index=False, header=True)

# 排序结果归一化
def norm_sim(sim_df, weight=0.0):
    # print(sim_df.head())
    min_sim = sim_df.min()
    max_sim = sim_df.max()
    if max_sim == min_sim:
        sim_df = sim_df.apply(lambda sim: 1.0)
    else:
        sim_df = sim_df.apply(lambda sim: 1.0 * (sim - min_sim) / (max_sim - min_sim))

    sim_df = sim_df.apply(lambda sim: sim + weight)  # plus one
    return sim_df

LGB排序模型

# 防止中间出错之后重新读取数据
trn_user_item_feats_df_rank_model = trn_user_item_feats_df.copy()

if offline:
    val_user_item_feats_df_rank_model = val_user_item_feats_df.copy()
    
tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model = tst_user_item_feats_df.copy()

# 定义特征列
lgb_cols = ['sim0', 'time_diff0', 'word_diff0','sim_max', 'sim_min', 'sim_sum', 
            'sim_mean', 'score','click_size', 'time_diff_mean', 'active_level',
            'click_environment','click_deviceGroup', 'click_os', 'click_country', 
            'click_region','click_referrer_type', 'user_time_hob1', 'user_time_hob2',
            'words_hbo', 'category_id', 'created_at_ts','words_count']

# 排序模型分组
trn_user_item_feats_df_rank_model.sort_values(by=['user_id'], inplace=True)
g_train = trn_user_item_feats_df_rank_model.groupby(['user_id'], as_index=False).count()["label"].values

if offline:
    val_user_item_feats_df_rank_model.sort_values(by=['user_id'], inplace=True)
    g_val = val_user_item_feats_df_rank_model.groupby(['user_id'], as_index=False).count()["label"].values

# 排序模型定义
lgb_ranker = lgb.LGBMRanker(boosting_type='gbdt', num_leaves=31, reg_alpha=0.0, reg_lambda=1,
                            max_depth=-1, n_estimators=100, subsample=0.7, colsample_bytree=0.7, subsample_freq=1,
                            learning_rate=0.01, min_child_weight=50, random_state=2018, n_jobs= 16)  

# 排序模型训练
if offline:
    lgb_ranker.fit(trn_user_item_feats_df_rank_model[lgb_cols], trn_user_item_feats_df_rank_model['label'], group=g_train,
                eval_set=[(val_user_item_feats_df_rank_model[lgb_cols], val_user_item_feats_df_rank_model['label'])], 
                eval_group= [g_val], eval_at=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], eval_metric=['ndcg', ], early_stopping_rounds=50, )
else:
    lgb_ranker.fit(trn_user_item_feats_df[lgb_cols], trn_user_item_feats_df['label'], group=g_train)

# 模型预测
tst_user_item_feats_df['pred_score'] = lgb_ranker.predict(tst_user_item_feats_df[lgb_cols], num_iteration=lgb_ranker.best_iteration_)

# 将这里的排序结果保存一份，用户后面的模型融合
tst_user_item_feats_df[['user_id', 'click_article_id', 'pred_score']].to_csv(save_path + 'lgb_ranker_score.csv', index=False)

# 预测结果重新排序, 及生成提交结果
rank_results = tst_user_item_feats_df[['user_id', 'click_article_id', 'pred_score']]
rank_results['click_article_id'] = rank_results['click_article_id'].astype(int)
submit(rank_results, topk=5, model_name='lgb_ranker')

# 五折交叉验证，这里的五折交叉是以用户为目标进行五折划分
#  这一部分与前面的单独训练和验证是分开的
def get_kfold_users(trn_df, n=5):
    user_ids = trn_df['user_id'].unique()
    user_set = [user_ids[i::n] for i in range(n)]
    return user_set

k_fold = 5
trn_df = trn_user_item_feats_df_rank_model
user_set = get_kfold_users(trn_df, n=k_fold)

score_list = []
score_df = trn_df[['user_id', 'click_article_id','label']]
sub_preds = np.zeros(tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model.shape[0])

# 五折交叉验证，并将中间结果保存用于staking
for n_fold, valid_user in enumerate(user_set):
    train_idx = trn_df[~trn_df['user_id'].isin(valid_user)] # add slide user
    valid_idx = trn_df[trn_df['user_id'].isin(valid_user)]
    
    # 训练集与验证集的用户分组
    train_idx.sort_values(by=['user_id'], inplace=True)
    g_train = train_idx.groupby(['user_id'], as_index=False).count()["label"].values
    
    valid_idx.sort_values(by=['user_id'], inplace=True)
    g_val = valid_idx.groupby(['user_id'], as_index=False).count()["label"].values
    
    # 定义模型
    lgb_ranker = lgb.LGBMRanker(boosting_type='gbdt', num_leaves=31, reg_alpha=0.0, reg_lambda=1,
                            max_depth=-1, n_estimators=100, subsample=0.7, colsample_bytree=0.7, subsample_freq=1,
                            learning_rate=0.01, min_child_weight=50, random_state=2018, n_jobs= 16)  
    # 训练模型
    lgb_ranker.fit(train_idx[lgb_cols], train_idx['label'], group=g_train,
                   eval_set=[(valid_idx[lgb_cols], valid_idx['label'])], eval_group= [g_val], 
                   eval_at=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], eval_metric=['ndcg', ], early_stopping_rounds=50, )
    
    # 预测验证集结果
    valid_idx['pred_score'] = lgb_ranker.predict(valid_idx[lgb_cols], num_iteration=lgb_ranker.best_iteration_)
    
    # 对输出结果进行归一化
    valid_idx['pred_score'] = valid_idx[['pred_score']].transform(lambda x: norm_sim(x))
    
    valid_idx.sort_values(by=['user_id', 'pred_score'])
    valid_idx['pred_rank'] = valid_idx.groupby(['user_id'])['pred_score'].rank(ascending=False, method='first')
    
    # 将验证集的预测结果放到一个列表中，后面进行拼接
    score_list.append(valid_idx[['user_id', 'click_article_id', 'pred_score', 'pred_rank']])
    
    # 如果是线上测试，需要计算每次交叉验证的结果相加，最后求平均
    if not offline:
        sub_preds += lgb_ranker.predict(tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model[lgb_cols], lgb_ranker.best_iteration_)
    
score_df_ = pd.concat(score_list, axis=0)
score_df = score_df.merge(score_df_, how='left', on=['user_id', 'click_article_id'])
# 保存训练集交叉验证产生的新特征
score_df[['user_id', 'click_article_id', 'pred_score', 'pred_rank', 'label']].to_csv(save_path + 'trn_lgb_ranker_feats.csv', index=False)
    
# 测试集的预测结果，多次交叉验证求平均,将预测的score和对应的rank特征保存，可以用于后面的staking，这里还可以构造其他更多的特征
tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model['pred_score'] = sub_preds / k_fold
tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model['pred_score'] = tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model['pred_score'].transform(lambda x: norm_sim(x))
tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model.sort_values(by=['user_id', 'pred_score'])
tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model['pred_rank'] = tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model.groupby(['user_id'])['pred_score'].rank(ascending=False, method='first')

# 保存测试集交叉验证的新特征
tst_user_item_feats_df_rank_model[['user_id', 'click_article_id', 'pred_score', 'pred_rank']].to_csv(save_path + 'tst_lgb_ranker_feats.csv', index=False)