u-boot移植出现的问题

出现问题:## Starting application at 0x30008000 ...Uncompressing Linux.............................................................解决方案:setenv bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M ;console明令在哪暂时还没解决???setenv TCP cubic registeredNET: Registered protocol family 1NET: Registered protocol family 17Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.VFS: Cannot open root device "" or unknown-block(2,0)Please append a correct "root=" boot optionKernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0) 解决方法：把 08.05.11、<*> RAM disk support 09.27.07、<*> Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs) 1. 问题一 　　下载内核到flash中，运行到如下即停止没有下文： Uncompressing Linux……………………done,booting the kernel 卡在这里不动了 原因分析：可能是内核的启动参数传递时没有填写正确,也可能是在linux内核中没对flash分区,还有另一可能原因是在内核编译配置时没将串口驱动勾选。 解决办法：如果是命令参数问题，则作如下修改：注释掉arch/arm/kernel/setup.c文件中的parse_tag_cmdline()函数中的strlcpy()函数，这样就可以使用默认的CONFIG_CMDLINE了，在.config文件中它被定义为"root=/dev/mtdblock2 ro init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"(视具体情况而定)，在内核配置文件的Boot options中填入也可。 如果是内核NAND flash分区的问题，则作如下修改： 1. 1 修改文件arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c,添加如下信息： #include #include #include static struct mtd_partition partition_info[]= { { name:"bootloader", size:0x00040000, offset:0, }, { name:"kernel", size:0x001c0000, offset:0x00040000, }, { name:"rootfs", size: 0x01e00000, offset:0x00200000, }, { name:"ext-fs1", size: 0x01000000, offset:0x02000000, }, { name:"ext-fs2", size: 0x01000000, offset:0x03000000, }, }; //以上分区和NAND flash物理分区一样，分区不一样没试过，根据自己板子情况而定 struct s3c2410_nand_set nandset= { nr_partitions:5, partitions:partition_info, }; struct s3c2410_platform_nand s3c_nand_info= { tacls:0, twrph0:30, twrph1:0, sets:&nandset, nr_sets:1, }; 以上分区和NAND flash物理分区一样，分区不一样没试过，根据自己板子情况而定 struct s3c2410_nand_set nandset= { nr_partitions:5, partitions:partition_info, }; struct s3c2410_platform_nand s3c_nand_info= { tacls:0, twrph0:30, twrph1:0, sets:&nandset, nr_sets:1, }; struct platform_device s3c_device_nand={ .name="s3c2410-nand", .id = -1, .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_nand_resources), .resource = s3c_nand_resource, /*黑体为新加内容*/ .dev = { .platform_data=&s3c_nand_info } }; 1.2 在arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c文件中添加&s3c_device_nand,如下所示： static struct platform_device * smdk2410_device[] _initdata= { &s3c_device_usb, &s3c_device_lcd, &s3c_device_wdt, &s3c_device_i2c, &s3c_device_iis, &s3c_device_nand, }; 配置好以上内容后重新编译内核即可。 如果是串口驱动没有勾选,则一定记住将勾上如下选项: Character devices -> Serial Drivers下的项勾上. 2. 出现如下错误：VFS:Cannot open root device "mtdblock/2" or unknown-block(0,0) Please append a correct "root=" boot option. Kernel panic not syncing,VFS Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) 原因分析：出现这种情况一般有两种情况：没有文件系统或boot options参数不正确，如我的系统文件系统为cramfs格式，存放文件系统的分区为第三个分区，启动参数为： "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 ro init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 rootfstype=cramfs mem=64M" 其中文件系统使用busybox-1.10.1制作 重新编译即可。 3. 系统启动后出现如下错误： Kernel panic -not syncing:VFS:Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2) 或者类似的错误。 原因分析：我在这里耗了大量的时间，这种情况一般是NAND flash分区未能分正确，或者所在的分区上没有文件系统，当启动中出现类似如下信息时表明分区正确了 Scanning device for bad blocks Creating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit": 0x00000000-0x00040000 : "boot" mtd: Giving out device 0 to boot 0x00040000-0x00200000 : "kernel" mtd: Giving out device 1 to kernel 0x00200000-0x02000000 : "rootfs" mtd: Giving out device 2 to rootfs 0x02000000-0x03000000 : "ext-fs1" mtd: Giving out device 3 to ext-fs1 0x03000000-0x04000000 : "ext-fs2" mtd: Giving out device 4 to ext-fs2 从上面看出我的文件系统放在第三个分区rootfs上，其设备号为2,启动后文件系统能挂上,如下所示 Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended the error code is:0,name=/dev/root,fs=cramfs,flags=32769 VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly. Freeing init memory: 104K Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended init started: BusyBox v1.10.1 (2008-04-23 23:20:41 CST) starting pid 229, tty '': '/etc/init.d/rcS' Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended the error code is:0,name=/dev/root,fs=cramfs,flags=32769 VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly. Freeing init memory: 104K Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended init started: BusyBox v1.10.1 (2008-04-23 23:20:41 CST) starting pid 229, tty '': '/etc/init.d/rcS' Please press Enter to activate this console. 4. 系统启动到到如下语句即停止不前，停在那里： VFS:Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly. Freeing init memory:104 卡在这里没有下文 原因分析：系统在启用init函数时有这么一句，粗体所示 static int init(void * unused) { if(execute_command) { run_init_process(execute_command); } ……………… ｝ 在这句里面出错就会没有下文 解决办法：在配置内核时少选了几句，将如下选择全选上 Floating Point emulation ->At least one emulation must be selected: NWFPE math emulation Support extended precision FastFPE math emulation(EXPERIMENTAL) 5. 关于文件系统问题：在有些资料上提到在配置内核时选上devfs，如果不存在时则手动在文件里加上。但我在内核里面和busybox-1.10.1中都未加devfs支持，文件系统运行正常。在linux-2.6.14.1及以后版本中已去掉devfs。 6. linux-2.6.15.4这个版本也能成功在s3c2410上运行. 内核编译成功后，启动后出现如下提示后就停住了。。。。。。 矩阵通信网－通信.IT人的精神家园 n4}I­?QR{` t7sJFreeing init memory: 72K 矩阵通信网－通信.IT人的精神家园%Eq"w-?0~;{8rTmWarning: unable to open an initial console.矩阵通信网－通信.IT人的精神家园8`9Pjq&_/N !C+Q7f W ][0这个也是控制台console的问题，linux-2.6.13以后的内核都支持devfs，而之后版本的内核就把devfs这块去掉了，虽然还能在内核源码中找到对应的源码，你也可以把它加进内核，但是也不是太好用。2.6.13 后的版本改为支持udev了，udev这块我也没太弄懂，正在研究。- --> Kernel Features --> Preemption Mode.config 里面的 CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE 选项决定了kernel在挂在文件系统后可不能进入shell。---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> Floating point emulationFPE_NWFPE 选项如果未选上现象：…………IPv4 over IPv4 tunneling driverTCP bic registeredNET: Registered protocol family 1IP-Config: No network devices available.RAMDISK: ext2 filesystem found at block 0RAMDISK: Loading 4196KiB [1 disk] into ram disk... done.EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommendedVFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).Freeing init memory: 96Kkernel 启动到这里就停止了。---------------------------------------------------------------------------> Device Drivers --> Block devicesCONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM选项 未选上CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD选项 未选上现象：………………loop: loaded (max 8 devices)nbd: registered device at major 43mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all miceIPv4 over IPv4 tunneling driverTCP bic registeredNET: Registered protocol family 1IP-Config: No network devices available.Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.VFS: Cannot open root device "ram0" or unknown-block(2,0)Please append a correct "root=" boot optionKernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0) 1. 加载kernel后出现如下错误：NET: Registered protocol family 1Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock3" or unknown-block(2,0)Please append a correct "root=" boot optionKernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)其中，linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"解决方法，在make menuconfig 后，选中mtd支持，cramfs支持，/dev fs支持。其中，添加/dev fs支持具体操作如下:修改fs/Kconfig，支持启动时挂载devfs$vim fs/ Kconfig找到menu “Pseudo filesystem”在其中添加：config DEVFS_FSbool “/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)”default yconfig DEVFS_MOUNTbool “Automatically mount at boot”default ydepends on DEVFS_FS 之后，boot信息如下： bootCopy linux kernel from 0x00030000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x00100000 ... donezImage magic = 0x016f2818Setup linux parameters at 0x30000100linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock/3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"MACH_TYPE = 193NOW, Booting Linux......Uncompressing Linux................................................................... done, booting the kernel.Linux version 2.6.15.4 (zjw@zjw.linux) (gcc version 4.1.1) #5 Thu Aug 2 20:47:27 CST 2007CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T)Machine: SMDK2410ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writebackCPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)S3C2410: core 200.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHzS3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsCLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL onCPU0: D VIVT write-back cacheCPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsCPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsBuilt 1 zonelistsKernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock/3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200irq: clearing subpending status 00000007irq: clearing subpending status 00000002PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 4096 bytes)timer tcon=00000000, tcnt a2c1, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001eb8Console: colour dummy device 80x30Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)Memory: 32MB = 32MB totalMemory: 30248KB available (1676K code, 376K data, 88K init)Mount-cache hash table entries: 512CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: okNET: Registered protocol family 16S3C2410: Initialising architectureS3C2410 DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004 Simtec ElectronicsDMA channel 0 at c2800000, irq 33DMA channel 1 at c2800040, irq 34DMA channel 2 at c2800080, irq 35DMA channel 3 at c28000c0, irq 36NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision)devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)devfs: devfs_debug: 0x0 //可以看出，已经支持devfsdevfs: boot_options: 0x1 io scheduler noop registeredio scheduler anticipatory registeredio scheduler deadline registeredio scheduler cfq registeredConsole: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memorys3c2410-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410s3c2410-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410s3c2410-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksizeS3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronicss3c2410-nand: Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=4 40ns, Twrph1=1 10nsNAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x75 (Samsung NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit)NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!Scanning device for bad blocksCreating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit":0x00000000-0x00020000 : "loader"0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param"0x00030000-0x001f0000 : "kernel"0x00200000-0x00600000 : "root"0x00600000-0x04000000 : "user"mtd: partition "user" extends beyond the end of device "NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit" -- size truncated to 0x1a00000mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all miceNET: Registered protocol family 2IP route cache hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)TCP reno registeredTCP bic registeredNET: Registered protocol family 1Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock/3" or unknown-block(2,0)Please append a correct "root=" boot optionKernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0) 根据网上的一些指导，将linux_cmd_line设置为"noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock/3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"，问题依旧。尝试了几乎所有网上的办法，问题没有得到解决。于是尝试换一个内核，下载了2.6.22的内核，按照2.6.15.4一样配置编译了内核，当然，该版本的移植步骤有点变化，最主要的区别是，2.6.22的内核已经没有了/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/dev.c文件，所以，分区信息要在arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/common-smdk.c中修改static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] 。boot后： bootCopy linux kernel from 0x00030000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x001d0000 ... donezImage magic = 0x016f2818Setup linux parameters at 0x30000100linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"MACH_TYPE = 193NOW, Booting Linux......Uncompressing Linux.................................................................................................. done, booting the kernel.Linux version 2.6.22 (zjw@zjw.linux) (gcc version 4.1.1) #3 Sun Aug 5 16:00:32 CST 2007CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177Machine: SMDK2410ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writebackCPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)S3C2410: core 200.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHzS3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsCLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL onCPU0: D VIVT write-back cacheCPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsCPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsBuilt 1 zonelists. Total pages: 8128Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200irq: clearing subpending status 00000007irq: clearing subpending status 00000002PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)timer tcon=00000000, tcnt a2c1, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001eb8Console: colour dummy device 80x30Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)Memory: 32MB = 32MB totalMemory: 29224KB available (2780K code, 309K data, 132K init)Mount-cache hash table entries: 512CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: okNET: Registered protocol family 16S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsS3C2410: Initialising architectureS3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec ElectronicsDMA channel 0 at c2800000, irq 33DMA channel 1 at c2800040, irq 34DMA channel 2 at c2800080, irq 35DMA channel 3 at c28000c0, irq 36usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfsusbcore: registered new interface driver hubusbcore: registered new device driver usbNET: Registered protocol family 2IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)TCP reno registeredNetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.io scheduler noop registeredio scheduler anticipatory registered (default)io scheduler deadline registeredio scheduler cfq registereds3c2410-lcd s3c2410-lcd: no platform data for lcd, cannot attachs3c2410-lcd: probe of s3c2410-lcd failed with error -22lp: driver loaded but no devices foundppdev: user-space parallel port driverS3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsSerial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enableds3c2410-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410s3c2410-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410s3c2410-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksizeloop: module loadeddm9000 Ethernet DriverUniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xxBAST NOR-Flash Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsS3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronicss3c2410-nand s3c2410-nand: Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=4 40ns, Twrph1=1 10nsNAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x75 (Samsung NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit)NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!Scanning device for bad blocksCreating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit":0x00000000-0x00020000 : "loader"0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param"0x00030000-0x00200000 : "kernel"0x00200000-0x00600000 : "root"0x00600000-0x02000000 : "user"usbmon: debugfs is not availables3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCIs3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choicehub 1-0:1.0: USB hub foundhub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detectedmice: PS/2 mouse device common for all miceS3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronicss3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: slave address 0x10s3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: bus frequency set to 390 KHzs3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapterTCP cubic registeredNET: Registered protocol family 1drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.Freeing init memory: 132KWarning: unable to open an initial console.Failed to execute /linuxrc. Attempting defaults... 看来，mtdblock3已经能认出来了，不知道上个问题是不是2.6.15.4内核本身的问题。现在的问题，好像是cramfs文件系统有问题了。也可以理解，我下载的是在2.4内核下能成功加载的文件系统，到2.6下可能不行，看来要重新制作文件系统了。 下载了1.6.1版本的buzybox，修改了makefile的arch和CROSS_COMPILER，make menuconfig，选了一些自认为需要的选项。当我选了静态编译后，编译出错，所以最后选的是动态加载，这样的话就要在编译后的添加的lib目录中将交叉编译工具的一些lib拷贝进去了。 make install 后，生成了bin, sbin ,usr三个目录，然后 mkdir mnt root var tmp proc boot etc lib mkdir /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}，然后mkcramfs，生成.cramfs文件，下载，boot，问题依旧， drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.Freeing init memory: 132KWarning: unable to open an initial console.Failed to execute /linuxrc. Attempting defaults... 后来发现busybox生成的文件系统根目录下并没有linuxrc，所以无从执行，于是网上搜索了一下，自己编辑了一个linuxrc脚本，属性改为可执行，内容如下：#!/bin/shecho "mount /etc as ramfs"/bin/mount -n -t ramfs ramfs /etc/bin/cp -a /mnt/etc/* /etcecho "re-create the /etc/mtab entries"/bin/mount -f -t cramfs -o remount,ro /dev/mtdblock/3 //bin/mount -f -t ramfs ramfs /etcexec /sbin/init 重新压缩下载，boot，问题依旧，真是郁闷。仔细分析了启动信息，发现虽然同样在fs/kconfig中添加了devfs的信息并且在内核编译选项中选中了相应的内容，但是启动信息中并没有体现出来，所以怀疑devfs驱动没有加载，查看了内核的源代码，发现devfs相关的代码已经完全被删除了，看来linux确实要和devfs断绝关系了，试着将devfs的代码拷回去，编译错误一大堆，估计要移植过去有点工作量，既然说它不好，那我也不必一定要用它了，强扭的瓜也不甜，所以准备使用udev。 busybox中有一个裁减的udev --〉mdev命令！选上它，又选择了一些其它的命令，重新make install busybox。发现根目录下有了linuxrc文件了！！不是很确定到底是添加了哪些选项后出来的，也不想去试验了。赶快打包，下载，boot后，终于： Copy linux kernel from 0x00030000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x001d0000 ... donezImage magic = 0x016f2818Setup linux parameters at 0x30000100linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"MACH_TYPE = 193NOW, Booting Linux......Uncompressing Linux.................................................................................................. done, booting the kernel.Linux version 2.6.22 (zjw@zjw.linux) (gcc version 4.1.1) #3 Sun Aug 5 16:00:32 CST 2007CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177Machine: SMDK2410ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writebackCPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)S3C2410: core 200.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHzS3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsCLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL onCPU0: D VIVT write-back cacheCPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsCPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsBuilt 1 zonelists. Total pages: 8128Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200irq: clearing subpending status 00000007irq: clearing subpending status 00000002PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)timer tcon=00000000, tcnt a2c1, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001eb8Console: colour dummy device 80x30Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)Memory: 32MB = 32MB totalMemory: 29224KB available (2780K code, 309K data, 132K init)Mount-cache hash table entries: 512CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: okNET: Registered protocol family 16S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsS3C2410: Initialising architectureS3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec ElectronicsDMA channel 0 at c2800000, irq 33DMA channel 1 at c2800040, irq 34DMA channel 2 at c2800080, irq 35DMA channel 3 at c28000c0, irq 36usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfsusbcore: registered new interface driver hubusbcore: registered new device driver usbNET: Registered protocol family 2IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)TCP reno registeredNetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.io scheduler noop registeredio scheduler anticipatory registered (default)io scheduler deadline registeredio scheduler cfq registereds3c2410-lcd s3c2410-lcd: no platform data for lcd, cannot attachs3c2410-lcd: probe of s3c2410-lcd failed with error -22lp: driver loaded but no devices foundppdev: user-space parallel port driverS3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsSerial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enableds3c2410-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410s3c2410-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410s3c2410-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksizeloop: module loadeddm9000 Ethernet DriverUniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xxBAST NOR-Flash Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsS3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronicss3c2410-nand s3c2410-nand: Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=4 40ns, Twrph1=1 10nsNAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x75 (Samsung NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit)NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!Scanning device for bad blocksCreating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit":0x00000000-0x00020000 : "loader"0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param"0x00030000-0x00200000 : "kernel"0x00200000-0x00600000 : "root"0x00600000-0x02000000 : "user"usbmon: debugfs is not availables3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCIs3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choicehub 1-0:1.0: USB hub foundhub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detectedmice: PS/2 mouse device common for all miceS3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronicss3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: slave address 0x10s3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: bus frequency set to 390 KHzs3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapterTCP cubic registeredNET: Registered protocol family 1drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.Freeing init memory: 132Kinit started: BusyBox v1.6.1 (2007-08-04 22:24:34 CST) multi-call binarystarting pid 739, tty '': '/etc/init.d/rcS'Cannot run '/etc/init.d/rcS': No such file or directorystarting pid 740, tty '': '/bin/sh'Cannot run '/bin/sh': No such file or directoryprocess '-/bin/sh' (pid 740) exited. Scheduling it for restart.starting pid 741, tty '': '/bin/sh'Cannot run '/bin/sh': No such file or directoryprocess '-/bin/sh' (pid 741) exited. Scheduling it for restart.starting pid 742, tty '': '/bin/sh' 终于有点进展了，可是新问题又出现了。重新配置busybox，发现是忘了把shell给选上了，选了ash，make install, //2440启动内核是出现end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 912Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 114end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 912Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 114end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 920Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 115end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 920Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 115end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 912Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 114end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 920Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 115然后panic了原因：把drivers\mtd\nand\s3c2410.c中chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT改成chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_NONE///Starting pid 18, console /dev/tts/0: '/bin/sh'[2410]移植cramfs文件系统和busybox到linux2.62008-08-11 10:12目前还没有成功，先把问题摆上了，挨个解决首先是busybox的linuxrc文件的问题按照教程上是编译完busybox后，用自己写的linxurc覆盖自动产生的这个文件但是我的那些busybox命令好像都是链接（why？）到linuxrc的，如果替换成自己的lixnurc，全都不正确了如果把生成的cramfs文件烧入nand中，会出现如下错误VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.Mounted devfs on /devFreeing init memory: 92KFailed to execute /linuxrc. Attempting defaults...Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.但是如果不修改linuxrc文件，也会出现错误VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.Mounted devfs on /devFreeing init memory: 92KReading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommendedinit started: BusyBox v1.1.3 (2008.08.11-01:57+0000) multi-call binaryStarting pid 16, console /dev/tts/0: '/etc/init.d/rcS'Bummer,Please press Enter to activate this console. Starting pid 18, console /dev/tts/0: '/bin/sh'Bummer, could not run '/bin/sh': No such file or directoryBummer, could not run '/bin/sh': No such file or directory头大啊该怎么办呢？顺带说下ubuntu默认没有装zlib，make cramfs时有问题，用新立得装一下吧将mkcramfs文件拷贝到系统的usr/bin目录下就可以使用了对my_rootfs目录使用命令mkcramfs my_rootfs my_rootfs.cramfs生成cramfs文件系统烧入nand闪存的第三分区，即我设定的0x400000，linux运行时可找到文件系统==================================================解决的第二个错误，用busybox默认的linxurc文件可以正常启动刚才不能启动的原因是没有将ash设为默认，故没有生成/bin/sh命令１、要这样配置： ? │ │ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Shells ?---> ? ? │ ? ? ? Choose your default shell (ash) ?---> ? ? ?２、如果是这样配置的话，虽然可以生成ash，但不能生成sh： ? │ │ ? ? ? Choose your default shell (none) ?---> ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?│ │ ? │ │ ? [*] ash ?参考如上，可惜这样不是自己的linuxrc文件，继续寻找解决方法中VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.Mounted devfs on /devFreeing init memory: 92KReading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommendedinit started: BusyBox v1.1.3 (2008.08.11-02:20+0000) multi-call binaryStarting pid 16, console /dev/tts/0: '/etc/init.d/rcS'Bummer,Please press Enter to activate this console. Starting pid 18, console /dev/tts/0: '/bin/sh'BusyBox v1.1.3 (2008.08.11-02:20+0000) Built-in shell (ash)Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.# # lsbin etc lib mnt root sys usrdev home linuxrc proc sbin tmp#================================================== ECC问题，如果不把 Device Drivers ---> Memory Technology Devices (MTD) ---> NAND Flash Device Drivers ---> [*] S3C2410 NAND Hardware ECC 去掉会出现如下的问题：end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 2EXT3-fs: unable to read superblockend_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 0Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 0end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 0Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 0end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 8Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 1end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 8Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 1end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 16Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 2end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 16Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 2end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 24Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 3end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 24Buffer I/O error on device mtdblock3, logical block 3end_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock3, sector 0FAT: unable to read boot sectorVFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock3" or unknown-block(31,3)Please append a correct "root=" boot optionKernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,3) 另外，还要在在/linux-2.6.14.1/drivers/mtd/nand/s3c_2410.c中将chip->eccmode = NAND_ECC_SOFT 改为 chip->eccmode = NAND_ECC_NONE;关于initrd及RamDisk的问题 在做2.6.14内核移植之前，我本来是想移植2.6.15的，但是出现了如是的一些问题：就是无法打开根文件系统， 终端显示的信息如下： VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock3" or unknown-block(31,3) Please append a correct "root=" boot option Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,3) 后来改成2.6.14，同样的配置，却不会出现如上的问题。但是在这个过程中我却对RamDisk有了较好的掌握， 包括它也initrd的关系。 Ramdisk是用来挂载根文件系统而在内存中开辟的地块区域，如果你需要你的内核支持Ramdisk，那么你需要作以下的更改： 1). 首先，设置vivi的linux_cmd_line为： param set linux_cmd_line "initrd=0x30800000,0x400000 root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0 max=00:0e:3a:aa:bb:cc" 如果你的bootloader不可以设置启动参数，也可以在 Boot options ---> 中的第三个选项中按回车进行设置。 我通过多次的测试，发现initrd=0x30800000,0x400000的作用就是在RAM中开辟一块始起地址为0x30800000,大小为 4MB的Ramdisk. 2). 其次还要在配置内核的时候注意以下的选项： Device Drivers ---> Block devices ---> <*> RAM disk support │ │ │ │ (16) Default number of RAM disks (NEW) │ │ │ │ (4096) Default RAM disk size (kbytes) (NEW) │ │ │ │ [*] Initial RAM disk (initrd) support 这样内核就可以支持从Ramdisk启动了。其中4096KB要与上面设置的Ramdisk大小一致，这里为4MB。 编译内核之后，这样子启动： net tftp 192.168.1.100 30008000 zImage net tftp 192.168.1.100 30800000 root_china.cramfs boot ram 30008000 0x12fee8 如果你不想用Ramdisk来挂载文件系统，直接从Flash中打开文件系统，那么在配置内核的时候，可以将RAM disk support支持去掉。Set boot params = root=1f02 init=/linuxrc console=ttyS0,115200 devfs=mount display=shp240Uncompressing Linux.......................................................................................... done, booting the kernel. 2.6内核的console用的是console=ttySAC0，修改一下试试