debian 前言
Debian是一个基于Linux内核的自由和开放源代码操作系统,由全球志愿者组成的Debian项目维护和开发。该项目始于1993年,由Ian Murdock发起,旨在创建一个完整的、基于Linux的自由软件操作系统。
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开始安装debian
语言选择
时区设置
选择键盘模式:American English
配置网卡,选择GO Back
手动配置IP
ip 配置
子网掩码配置
网关配置
DNS配置
主机名称设置
设置域名:可不填写
root 密码配置
创建普通用户
普通用户密码配置
时间服务器配置
磁盘分区方式选择,使用所有分区
- Guided-use entire disk 带引导模式方式直接使用整块磁盘
- Guided-use entire disk and set up LVM 带引导模式方式使用整块磁盘并使用LVM,LVM(Logical Volume Mananger)逻辑卷管理,可对磁盘进行弹性管理
- Guided-use entire disk and set up encrypted LVM 带引导模式方式使用整块磁盘并使用加密的LVM
- Manual 完全手动模式
磁盘分区
所有的文件都位于一个分区中
- All files in one partition(recommended for new users) 所有的文件都位于一个分区中(推荐新用户)
- Separate /home partition 单独设置home分区
- Separate /home,/var,and /tmp partitions 单独设置home分区,var分区以及tmp分区
磁盘分区,提醒磁盘将被改变并设置LVM,选择:Yes
指定分区要使用的磁盘大小,默认使用整个磁盘的大小,默认即可
获取将要对磁盘的操作信息,选择:no
更改/分区为xfs,便于后期在线扩容
磁盘更改完成,选择yes ,格式化磁盘
开始安装系统
是否扫描安装介质,选择:No
是否使用网络镜像源,选择:yes
- 国内网络不好,此处可根据自身网络情况选择,选择no,后续手动更改源即可
选择网络源
配置包管理器
等待安装
是否参与使用系统调查(每周系统自动提交一个脚本给系统开发者),选择:No
命令行安装
standard
(标准工具)desktop
(图形化桌面)gnome-desktop
(Gnome 桌面)xfce-desktop
(XFCE 桌面)kde-desktop
(KDE Plasma 桌面)cinnamon-desktop
(Cinnamon 桌面)mate-desktop
(MATE 桌面)desktop)lxde-desktop
(LXDE 桌面)web-server
(web 服务器)ssh-server
(SSH 服务器)
安装中,等待
重启 reboot
shell 登录查看
远程SSH 连接配置
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
systemctl restart ssh
更换阿里云源
echo "Delete the default source"
rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list
rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
echo "Build a new source"
cat <<'EOF'>>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian
Suites: bullseye bullseye-updates bullseye-backports bookworm bookworm-backports bookworm-updates buster buster-updates
Components: main contrib non-free
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
Types: deb
URIs: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian
Suites: bullseye bullseye-updates bullseye-backports bookworm bookworm-backports bookworm-updates buster buster-updates
Components: main contrib non-free
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
Types: deb
URIs: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/
Suites: bullseye bullseye-updates bullseye-backports bookworm bookworm-backports bookworm-updates buster buster-updates
Components: main contrib non-free
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/
Suites: bullseye bullseye-updates bullseye-backports bookworm bookworm-backports bookworm-updates buster buster-updates
Components: main contrib non-free
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/
Suites: bullseye bullseye-updates bullseye-backports bookworm bookworm-backports bookworm-updates buster buster-updates
Components: main contrib non-free
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
Types: deb
#URIs: https://deb.debian.org/debian/
URIs: http://mirrors.linode.com/debian
Suites: bullseye bullseye-updates bullseye-backports bookworm bookworm-backports bookworm-updates buster buster-updates
Components: main contrib non-free
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF
echo "update source"
apt update
切换sh为bash
ln -sf bash /bin/sh
Network 配置
nic_network_name=`ifconfig -s | awk 'NR>1 && !/^lo/ && !/^idrac/ && !/^br/ && !/^veth/ && !/^docker/{print $1; exit}'`
IP_ADDRESS="192.168.11.69"
PREFIX_mask="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.11.1"
DNS1="8.8.8.8"
echo "delete default interfaces"
rm -rf /etc/network/interfaces
echo "Function interfaces"
cat <<EOF>>/etc/network/interfaces
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
allow-hotplug $nic_network_name
iface $nic_network_name inet static
address $IP_ADDRESS/$PREFIX_mask
gateway $GATEWAY
dns-nameservers $DNS1
EOF
echo "Restart the NIC to take effect"
systemctl restart ifup@$nic_network_name