举例:
y=2xTx y = 2 x T x ( x x 是向量,是函数值)
假设
x=(x1,x2,x3)
x
=
(
x
1
,
x
2
,
x
3
)
,则
y=2(x1,x2,x3)⎛⎝⎜x1x2x3⎞⎠⎟=2(x21+x22+x23)
y
=
2
(
x
1
,
x
2
,
x
3
)
(
x
1
x
2
x
3
)
=
2
(
x
1
2
+
x
2
2
+
x
3
2
)
所以
dydx=⎛⎝⎜⎜⎜⎜dydx1dydx2dydx3⎞⎠⎟⎟⎟⎟=4⎛⎝⎜x1x2x3⎞⎠⎟=4xT
d
y
d
x
=
(
d
y
d
x
1
d
y
d
x
2
d
y
d
x
3
)
=
4
(
x
1
x
2
x
3
)
=
4
x
T