一、定义
运用共享技术有限地支持大量细粒度的对象。
享元模式可以避免大量非常相似类的开销。在程序设计中,有时需要生成大量细粒度的类实例来表示数据。如果能发现这些实例除了几个蚕食外基本上都是相同的,有时就能够受大幅度地减少需要实例化的类的署良。如果能把那些参数移到类实例的外面,在方法调用时将它们传递进来,就可以通过共享大幅度地减少单个实例的数目。
享元模式的应用:如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象,而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销时就应该考虑;还有就是对象大多数状态可以外部状态,如果删除对象的外部状态,那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象,此时可以考虑使用享元模式。
二、UML类图
三、实现
- 享元抽象类
package com.jthao.design.des.flyweight;
public abstract class FlyWeight {
protected String charStr = "";
protected int fontSize;
protected abstract void operator(int fontSize);
// 显示方法
protected abstract void displayCharator();
}
- 享元实现类A
package com.jthao.design.des.flyweight;
public class FlyWeightAIml extends FlyWeight {
@Override
protected void operator(int fontSize) {
this.fontSize = fontSize;
}
public FlyWeightAIml() {
this.charStr = "A";
this.fontSize = 12;
}
@Override
protected void displayCharator() {
System.out.println("字符:" + this.charStr + ",大小:" + fontSize);
}
}
- 享元实现类B
package com.jthao.design.des.flyweight;
public class FlyWeightBIml extends FlyWeight {
@Override
protected void operator(int fontSize) {
this.fontSize = fontSize;
}
public FlyWeightBIml() {
this.charStr = "B";
this.fontSize = 12;
}
@Override
protected void displayCharator() {
System.out.println("字符:" + this.charStr + ",大小:" + fontSize);
}
}
- 享元管理类
package com.jthao.design.des.flyweight;
import java.util.Hashtable;
public class CharactorFactory {
private Hashtable<String, FlyWeight> charactors = new Hashtable<String, FlyWeight>();
// 构造函数
public CharactorFactory() {
charactors.put("A", new FlyWeightAIml());
charactors.put("B", new FlyWeightBIml());
}
// 获得指定字符实例
public FlyWeight getCharactor(String key) {
FlyWeight charactor = (FlyWeight) charactors.get(key);
if (charactor == null) {
if (key.equals("A")) {
charactor = new FlyWeightAIml();
} else if (key.equals("B")) {
charactor = new FlyWeightBIml();
}
charactors.put(key, charactor);
}
return charactor;
}
}
- 测试类A
package com.jthao.design.des.flyweight;
public class Clinet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FlyWeightAIml a = new FlyWeightAIml();
FlyWeightBIml b = new FlyWeightBIml();
// 显示字符A
display(a, 12);
// 显示字符B
display(b, 14);
}
// 设置字符的大小
public static void display(FlyWeight objChar, int nSize) {
try {
System.out.println("字符:" + objChar.charStr + ",大小:" + nSize);
} catch (Exception err) {
}
}
}
- 测试类B
package com.jthao.design.des.flyweight;
public class Clinet2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FlyWeightAIml a = new FlyWeightAIml();
FlyWeightBIml b = new FlyWeightBIml();
// 设置字符A的大小
a.operator(12);
// 显示字符B
a.displayCharator();
// 设置字符B的大小
b.operator(14);
// 显示字符B
b.displayCharator();
}
}