静态变量的用处：文件句柄的妥善放置

最近做的一个任务，是在一个线程中不断接收UDP包，并将包dump到文件内

代码这么写

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>//Linux system call for thread id
#include <assert.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void logMsg()
{
        int loop = 0;
        FILE *fp = fopen("/tmp/mo_send.txt", "w");
        if (loop < 100)
                fprintf(fp, "%d\n", loop);
        else if (100 == loop)
                fclose(fp);
        loop++;
}
void *nbi(void *arg)
{
        printf("child thread lwpid = %u\n", syscall(SYS_gettid));
        while (1)
        {
                logMsg();
                usleep(50*1000);
        }
}
int main()
{
        pthread_t tid;
        int rc;
        printf("main thread lwpid = %u\n", syscall(SYS_gettid));
        rc = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, nbi, NULL);
        assert(0 == rc);
        pthread_join(tid, NULL);

        return 0;
}

运行完毕后，查看log文件，空文件！

 

思索良久后才发现是一个低级错误：C局部变量每次都初始化，导致文件重复打开，并将上次写入的内容冲走

但是文件句柄放到函数外部也不好，怕污染名称空间，于是想到了static修饰符

直接给loop和fp前面加static会报错：

f_test.c: In function 'logMsg':
f_test.c:9:2: error: initializer element is not constant
  static FILE *fp = fopen("/tmp/mo_send.txt", "w");
  ^

原来静态变量本质上跟全局变量一样，只能用常量来初始化，只是编译器在限制了其scope而已

再改代码

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>//Linux system call for thread id
#include <assert.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void logMsg()
{
        static int loop = 0;
        static FILE *fp = NULL;
        if (NULL == fp)
                fp = fopen("/tmp/mo_send.txt", "w");
        if (loop < 100)
                fprintf(fp, "%d\n", loop);
        else if (100 == loop)
                fclose(fp);
        loop++;
}
void *nbi(void *arg)
{
        printf("child thread lwpid = %u\n", syscall(SYS_gettid));
        while (1)
        {
                logMsg();
                usleep(50*1000);
        }
}
int main()
{
        pthread_t tid;
        int rc;
        printf("main thread lwpid = %u\n", syscall(SYS_gettid));
        rc = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, nbi, NULL);
        assert(0 == rc);
        pthread_join(tid, NULL);

        return 0;
}

再运行就log文件就正常了。