TOEFL wordlist 11

1. cowhand [ˈkaʊhænd]

He rides a horse like a cowhand.

2. lore [lɔː(r)]

n. The lore of a particular country or culture is its traditional stories and history.

She lived alone in the forest, relying on her knowledge of herb lore to survive.

3. meticulous [məˈtɪkjələs]

adj. If you describe someone as meticulous, you mean that they do things carefully and with great attention to detail.

George is a meticulous man.

4. bruise  [bruːz] 

(1). n. A bruise is an injury which appears as a purple mark on your body, although the skin is not broken.

(2). phrase. If you bruise a part of your body, a bruise appears on it, for example because something hits you. If you bruise easily, bruises appear when something hits you only slightly.

(3). phrase. If a fruit, vegetable, or plant bruises or is bruised, it is damaged by being handled roughly, making a mark on the skin.

(4). v. If you are bruised by an unpleasant experience, it makes you feel unhappy or upset.

It looks like you've just bruised the bone on your foot.

5. abut [əˈbʌt]

v. When land or a building abuts something or abuts on something, it is next to it.

His land abuts onto a road.

6. glitter [ˈɡlɪtə(r)]

(1). v. If something glitters, light comes from or is reflected off different parts of it.

(2). v. If someone's eyes glitter, they are bright and express a particular emotion such as excitement or interest.

(3). n. Glitter consists of tiny shining pieces of metal. It is glued to things for decoration.

(4). n. You can use glitter to refer to superifical attractiveness or to the excitement connected with something.

An old saying goes like this: all that glitters is not gold.

7. indignant [ɪnˈdɪɡnənt]

adj. If you are indignant, you are shocked and angry, because you think that something is unjust or unfair.

I'm indignant over the treatment I received at this restaurant.

8. amalgamation [əˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃn]

The new company was formed by the amalgamation of two small businesses.

9. tortuous [ˈtɔːtʃuəs]

(1). adj. A tortuous road is full of bends and twists.

(2). adj. A tortuous process or piece of writing is very long and complicated.

As the saying goes: while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is bright.

10. refute [rɪˈfjuːt] 

(1). v. If you refute an argument, accusation, or theory, you prove that it is wrong or untrue.

(2). v. If you refute an argument or accusation, you say that it is not true.

One of the best ways to refute a point is to cite examples from your own experiences.

11. antecede [ˌæntɪ'si:d]

She anteceded me in the job.

12. conducive [kənˈdjuːsɪv]

adj. If one thing is conducive to another thing, it makes the other thing likely to happen.

Doing regular exercise is conducive to good health.

13. ripple [ˈrɪpl]

(1). n. Ripples are little waves on the surface of water caused by the wind or by something moving in or on the water.

(2). phrase. When the surface of an area of water ripples or when something ripples it, a number of little waves appear on it.

(3). phrase. When the wind ripples plants or trees or when they ripple, they move in a wave-like motion.

(4). v. If something such as a feeling ripples over someone's body, it moves across it or through it.

(5). n. If an event causes ripples, its effects gradually spread, causing several other events to happen one after the other.

The air was so still that there was hardly a ripple on the pond's surface.

14. breach [briːtʃ]

(1). v. If you breach an agreement, a law, or a promise, you break it.

(2). n. A breach of an agreement, a law, or a promise is an act of breaking it.

(3). n. A breach in a relationship is a serious disagreement which often results in the relationship ending.

(4). v. If someone or something breaches a barrier, they make an opening in it, usually leaving it weakened or destroyed.

(5). v. If you breach someone's security or their defences, you manage to get through and attack an area that is heavily guarded and protected.

(6). phrase. If you step into the breach, you do a job or task which someone else was supposed to do or has done in the past, because they are suddenly unable to do it.

It is said that he has breached the American Privacy Laws.

15. condole [kən'dəʊl]

Many wrote to condole with her friend on the death of his father.

16. altruistic [ˌæltruˈɪstɪk] 

adj. If you behaviour or motives are altruistic, you show concern for the happiness and welfare of other people rather than for yourself.

Altruistic behavior is common throughout the animal kingdom, particularly in species with complex social structures.

17. grill  [ɡrɪl] 

(1). n. A grill is a part of a stove which produces strong heat to cook food that has been placed underneath it.

(2). n. A grill is a flat frame of metal bars on which food can be cooked over a fire.

(3). phrase. When you grill food, or when it grills, you cook it using very strong heat directly above or below it.

(4). v. If you grill someone about something, you ask them a lot of quetsions for a long period of time.

(5). n. A grill is a restaurant that serves grilled food.

18. saddle [ˈsædl]

(1). n. A saddle is a leather seat that you put on the back of an animal so that you can ride the animal.

(2). v. If you saddle a horse, you put a saddle on it so that you can ride it.

(3). n. A saddle is a seat on a bicycle or motorcycle.

(4). n. A saddle of lamb, rabbit, or venison is a piece of meat taken from the middle of the animal's back.

(5). v. If you saddle someone with a problem or with a responsibility, you put them in a position where they have to deal with it.

(6). phrase. If you are in the saddle, you are riding a horse.

(7). phrase. If you are in the saddle, you are in power or in control of a situation.

I've been saddled with organizing the conference.

19. paralyze [ 'pærəlaɪz ]

(1). v. If someone is paralysed by an accident or an illness, they have no feeling in their body, or in part of their body, and are unable to move.

(2). v. If a person, place, or organization is paralysed by something, they become unable to act or function properly.

Those tiny poison threads can paralyze small sea animals.

20. tenuous  [ˈtenjuəs]

adj. If you describe something such as a connection, a reason, or someone's position as tenuous, you mean that it is very uncertain or weak.

The cord tying the boat to the rock is tenuous.

21. metropolis [məˈtrɒpəlɪs]

n. A metropolis is the largest, busiest, and most important city in a country or region.

22. sheath [ʃiːθ]

(1). n. A sheath is a covering for the blade of a knife.

(2). n. A sheath is a rubber covering for a man's penis and is used during sex as a contraceptive or as a protection against disease.

23. exhilarating [ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ]

adj. If you describe an experience or feeling as exhilarating, you mean that it makes you feel very happy and excited.

The children screamed with delight on the exhilarating carnival ride.

24. seismology [saɪzˈmɒlədʒi] 

n. Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes.

This event marks the beginning of the modern era of seismology.

25. gross [ɡrəʊs]

(1). adj. You use gross to describe something unacceptable or unpleasant to a very great amount, degree, or intensity.

(2). adj. If you say that someone's speech or behaviour is gross, you think it is very rude or unacceptable.

(3). adj. If you describe something as gross, you think it is very unpleasant.

(4). adj. If you describe someone as gross, you mean that they are extremely fat and unattractive.

(5). adj. Gross means the total amount of something, especially money, before any has been taken away.

(6). adj. Gross means the total amount of something, after all the relevant amounts have been added together.

(7). adj. Gross means the total weight of something, including its container or wrapping.

(8). v. If a person or a business grosses a particular amount of money, they earn that amount of money before tax has been taken away.

(9). num. A gross is a group of 144 things.

The company grossed 4 million.

26. revert [rɪˈvɜːt] 

(1). v. When people or things revert to a previous state, system, or type of behaviour, they go back to it.

(2). v. When someone reverts to a previous topic, they start talking or thinking about it again.

(3). v. If you revert to your usual language, you start using that language again.

(4). v. If property, rights, or money revert to someone, they become that person's again after someone else has had them for a period of time.

(5). phrase. If you say that someone has reverted to type, you mean that they are now behaving as you would expect them to, after having behaved in an unexpected and better way.

A glacier can revert to a fluffy mass.

27. slender [ˈslendə(r)]

(1). adj. A slender person is attractively thin and graceful.

(2). adj. You can use slender to describe a situation which exists but only to a very small degree.

Our team won the game by a slender margin.

28. noxious [ˈnɒkʃəs]

(1). adj. A noxious gas or substance is poisonous or very harmful.

(2). adj. If you refer to someone or something as noxious, you mean that they are extremely unpleasant.

The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air.

29. maglev ['mæglev]

Maglev will not actually ride on the tracks but will fly above tracks that are magnetically activated.

30. cosmic [ˈkɒzmɪk]

(1). adj. Cosmic means occurring in, or coming from, the part of  space that lies outside Earth and its atmosphere.

(2). adj. Cosmic means belonging or relating to the universe.

The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic.

31. vibrate [vaɪˈbreɪt]

phrase. If something vibrates or if you vibrate it, it shakes with repeated small, quick movements.

The quartz crystal in a heater vibrates at a particular frequency.

32. fragrant [ˈfreɪɡrənt]

adj. Something that is fragrant has a pleasant, sweet smell.

The flowers emit a fragrant odor.

整理自《柯林斯词典》、《新东方托福词汇》，侵删歉。