Dubbo 线程池策略

Dubbo 线程池

Dubbo 线程模型文章提到，处理请求分为IO 线程和业务线程，

Dubbo 线程池策略主要针对业务线程池，Dubbo 内部给我们实现了
四种fixed、cached、limited、eager线程池，默认是fixed。

Dubbo 线程池，主要还是基于JDK线程池几个参数做文章。

• 核心线程池数
• 最大线程池数
• keep alive时间
• 等待队列

@SPI("fixed")
public interface ThreadPool {

    /**
     * Thread pool
     *
     * @param url URL contains thread parameter
     * @return thread pool
     */
    @Adaptive({THREADPOOL_KEY})
    Executor getExecutor(URL url);

}

fixed=org.apache.dubbo.common.threadpool.support.fixed.FixedThreadPool
cached=org.apache.dubbo.common.threadpool.support.cached.CachedThreadPool
limited=org.apache.dubbo.common.threadpool.support.limited.LimitedThreadPool
eager=org.apache.dubbo.common.threadpool.support.eager.EagerThreadPool

fixed 线程池

线程池数固定，最大线程池数等于核心线程池数，因此线程数达到核心线程池数时不会再额外开启线程，

• keepAlive 时间设置为0，因为不会用到（线程不会超过核心线程池数）

• queues == 0 时 使用的 SynchronousQueue（默认）

它是个零容量BlockQueue ：SynchronousQueue内部并不存储任何元素，即它的容量为0。
也就意味着，当一个线程执行插入操作（put）时，它必须等待另一个线程执行对应的删除操作（take），反之亦然。这种机制确保了数据的直接传递，减少了数据在队列中的等待时间。

• 其他情况使用 LinkedBlockingQueue

public class FixedThreadPool implements ThreadPool {

    @Override
    public Executor getExecutor(URL url) {
        String name = url.getParameter(THREAD_NAME_KEY, DEFAULT_THREAD_NAME);
        int threads = url.getParameter(THREADS_KEY, DEFAULT_THREADS);
        int queues = url.getParameter(QUEUES_KEY, DEFAULT_QUEUES);
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(threads, threads, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                queues == 0 ? new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>() :
                        (queues < 0 ? new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()
                                : new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(queues)),
                new NamedInternalThreadFactory(name, true), new AbortPolicyWithReport(name, url));
    }

}

EagerThreadPool

默认DEFAULT_QUEUES = 0;
默认的TaskQueue 大小为0 。

当线程池线程数达核心线程数时，此时尝试开启新线程执行任务。（因为TaskQueue大小为0，等同于没有等待队列，直接开启新线程执行）

public class EagerThreadPool implements ThreadPool {

    @Override
    public Executor getExecutor(URL url) {
        String name = url.getParameter(THREAD_NAME_KEY, DEFAULT_THREAD_NAME);
        int cores = url.getParameter(CORE_THREADS_KEY, DEFAULT_CORE_THREADS);
        int threads = url.getParameter(THREADS_KEY, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        int queues = url.getParameter(QUEUES_KEY, DEFAULT_QUEUES);
        int alive = url.getParameter(ALIVE_KEY, DEFAULT_ALIVE);

        // init queue and executor
        TaskQueue<Runnable> taskQueue = new TaskQueue<Runnable>(queues <= 0 ? 1 : queues);
        EagerThreadPoolExecutor executor = new EagerThreadPoolExecutor(cores,
                threads,
                alive,
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                taskQueue,
                new NamedInternalThreadFactory(name, true),
                new AbortPolicyWithReport(name, url));
        taskQueue.setExecutor(executor);
        return executor;
    }
}

LimitedThreadPool

keepAlive time 是 Long.MAX_VALUE ，
相当于线程一直不会回收，当等待队列满了，就会开启新线程，并且新开启的线程不会被回收，
线程池数量不断动态增加，直到达到最大线程池数。

public class LimitedThreadPool implements ThreadPool {

    @Override
    public Executor getExecutor(URL url) {
        String name = url.getParameter(THREAD_NAME_KEY, DEFAULT_THREAD_NAME);
        int cores = url.getParameter(CORE_THREADS_KEY, DEFAULT_CORE_THREADS);
        int threads = url.getParameter(THREADS_KEY, DEFAULT_THREADS);
        int queues = url.getParameter(QUEUES_KEY, DEFAULT_QUEUES);
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(cores, threads, Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                queues == 0 ? new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>() :
                        (queues < 0 ? new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()
                                : new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(queues)),
                new NamedInternalThreadFactory(name, true), new AbortPolicyWithReport(name, url));
    }

}

CachedThreadPool

DEFAULT_CORE_THREADS = 0;

DEFAULT_QUEUES = 0;

DEFAULT_ALIVE = 60 * 1000

默认核心线程池数为0， 阻塞队列大小也为0 ，keepAlive 时间默认 1分钟。

新请求到来，由于核心线程为0，且队列大小为0 ,因此会直接开启新线程执行， 当达到keepAlive后会自动被回收。

public class public class CachedThreadPool implements ThreadPool {

    @Override
    public Executor getExecutor(URL url) {
        String name = url.getParameter(THREAD_NAME_KEY, DEFAULT_THREAD_NAME);
        int cores = url.getParameter(CORE_THREADS_KEY, DEFAULT_CORE_THREADS);
        int threads = url.getParameter(THREADS_KEY, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        int queues = url.getParameter(QUEUES_KEY, DEFAULT_QUEUES);
        int alive = url.getParameter(ALIVE_KEY, DEFAULT_ALIVE);
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(cores, threads, alive, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                queues == 0 ? new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>() :
                        (queues < 0 ? new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()
                                : new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(queues)),
                new NamedInternalThreadFactory(name, true), new AbortPolicyWithReport(name, url));
    }
}

    @Override
    public Executor getExecutor(URL url) {
        String name = url.getParameter(THREAD_NAME_KEY, DEFAULT_THREAD_NAME);
        int cores = url.getParameter(CORE_THREADS_KEY, DEFAULT_CORE_THREADS);
        int threads = url.getParameter(THREADS_KEY, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        int queues = url.getParameter(QUEUES_KEY, DEFAULT_QUEUES);
        int alive = url.getParameter(ALIVE_KEY, DEFAULT_ALIVE);
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(cores, threads, alive, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                queues == 0 ? new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>() :
                        (queues < 0 ? new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()
                                : new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(queues)),
                new NamedInternalThreadFactory(name, true), new AbortPolicyWithReport(name, url));
    }
}

总结

Dubbo 线程池，主要还是基于JDK线程池几个参数做文章，并没有发明什么新东西，因此理解Dubbo 线程池前提掌握jdk 线程池的工作原理，当然也可以自定义扩展实现。 指定线程池方式如下

<dubbo:protocol threadpool="xxx" />

<dubbo:provider threadpool="xxx" />