-----------------韩顺平Java笔记
创建文件
Java创建文件有三种方式。
方法一 new File(String filename) //根据路径创建文件
方法二: new File(File parent, String child) // 根据父目录文件+子路径构建
方法三: new File(String parent, String child) // 根据父目录和子路径创建
// 方法一 new File(String filename) //根据路径创建文件
@Test
public void fileCreat(){
String filePath = "E:\\file01.txt";
File file = new File(filePath);
try {
file.createNewFile();
System.out.println("创建成功");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
// 方法二: new File(File parent, String child) // 根据父目录文件+子路径构建
@Test
public void fileCreat2(){
File parentFile = new File("E:\\");
String filePath = "file02.txt";
File file = new File(parentFile, filePath);
try {
file.createNewFile();
System.out.println("创建成功");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
// 方法三: new File(String parent, String child) // 根据父目录和子路径创建
@Test
public void creatFile3(){
String parentPath = "E:\\";
String childPath = "file03.txt";
File file = new File(parentPath, childPath);
try {
file.createNewFile();
System.out.println("创建成功~");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
FileInputStream
@Test
public void readFile01(){
String filePath = "E:\\hello.txt";
int readData = 0;
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
// 创建FileInputStream 对象,用于读取文件
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
// 从该输入流读取一个字节的数据,
// 如果返回-1, 表示读取完毕
while ((readData = fileInputStream.read()) != -1){
System.out.print((char)readData); // 转成char显示
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
// 一次读入多个字节的方法
@Test
public void readFile02(){
String filePath = "E:\\hello.txt";
int readlen = 0;
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
byte[] buf = new byte[8];
try {
// 创建FileInputStream 对象,用于读取文件
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
// 从该输入流读取8个字节的数据,
// 如果返回-1, 表示读取完毕
while ((readlen = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1){ //
System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, readlen)); // 转成char显示
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
FileOutputStream
/**
* FileOutputStream. 将数据写到文件中
* 若文件不存在,则创建
*/
@Test
public void writerFile(){
String filePath = "E:\\writer.txt";
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
try {
// new FileOutputStream(filePath)创建方式,当写入内容时,会覆盖之前的内容
// new FileOutputStream(filePath, true)创建方式,当写入内容时,会从之前内容的尾部开始写入
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath, true);
// 写入一个字节
// fileOutputStream.write('G');
// 写入字符串
String str = "hello, word";
// getBytes() 可以把字符串转换为字节数组
fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes());
// fileOutputStream.write(byte[], off, len); 写入方式,会从byte[]索引off写入len个字节
fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes(), 2, 3);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
文件拷贝
/**
* 将文件从一个地方拷贝到另一个地方
* 思路分析: 先用FileInputStream将文件读入到程序中
* 在用FileOutputStream将程序的数据输入到文件
*/
@Test
public void fileCopy(){
String fileReadPath = "E:\\dog.jfif";
String fileWritePath = "E:\\dog1.png";
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int readLen = 0;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileReadPath);
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileWritePath);
while ((readLen = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
fileOutputStream.write(buf, 0, readLen);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
if (fileInputStream != null){
fileInputStream.close();
}
if (fileOutputStream != null){
fileOutputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
FileReader
/**
* 单个字符读取
*/
@Test
public void FileRead(){
String filePath = "E:\\file02.txt";
FileReader fileReader = null;
int readLen = 0;
try {
fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);
while((readLen = fileReader.read()) != -1){
System.out.print((char) readLen);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
fileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
/**
* 多个字符读取
*/
@Test
public void FileRead01(){
String filePath = "E:\\file02.txt";
FileReader fileReader = null;
int readLen = 0;
char[] buf = new char[8];
try {
fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);
// 循环读取,使用read(buf),返回的是实际读取到的字符数
// 如果返回-1,说明读取结束
while((readLen = fileReader.read(buf)) != -1){
System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, readLen));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
fileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
FileWriter
@Test
public void FileWriter(){
String filePath = "E:\\file03.txt";
java.io.FileWriter fileWriter = null;
int len = 0;
char[] c = {'q', 'w', 'e'};
try {
fileWriter = new java.io.FileWriter(filePath);
// writer( int ) 写入单个字符
fileWriter.write('H');
// writer( char[] ) 写入指定数组
fileWriter.write(c);
// writer( char[], off, len) 写入指定数组的指定部分
fileWriter.write("王**拯救世界".toCharArray(), 3, 4);
// writer( String ) 写入指定字符串
fileWriter.write("王**");
// writer( String, off, len ) 写入指定字符串的指定部分
fileWriter.write("铠甲变身", 2, 2);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
// 一定要 关闭文件或者刷新文件,否则没写进去
try {
fileWriter.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
节点流和处理流
BufferedReader
@Test
public void BufferedReader_() throws IOException {
String filePath = "E:\\file02.txt";
String str;
java.io.BufferedReader bufferedReader = new java.io.BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath));
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
BufferedWriter
public void BufferedWriter_() throws IOException {
String filePath = "E:\\file04.txt";
java.io.BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new java.io.BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(filePath, true));
bufferedWriter.write("王**宇宙之王");
bufferedWriter.newLine();
bufferedWriter.write("王**宇宙之王");
bufferedWriter.newLine();
bufferedWriter.write("王**宇宙之王");
bufferedWriter.close();
}
Buffered拷贝
思路同之前拷贝相同
对象处理流
public class ObjectOutputStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
@Test
/**
* 1.序列化:就是在保存数据时,保存数据的值和数据类型
* 2.反序列化:就是在回复数据时,回复数据的值和数据类型
* 3.需要让某个对象支持序列化机制,必须让其类是可序列化的,为了让某类可序列化,该类必须实现如下两个接口之一
* (1)Serializable // 这是一个标记接口,没有方法
* (2)Externalizable // 该接口有方法需要实现
*/
public void ObjectOutputStream_() throws Exception {
// 序列化后,保存的文件不是文本文件,而是按照它的格式
String filePath = "E:\\data.dat";
java.io.ObjectOutputStream oos = new java.io.ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filePath));
oos.writeInt(100); // int --> Integer (int自动装箱为Integer,并且Integer已经实现了Serializable)
oos.writeBoolean(true); // boolean -->Boolean(实现了Serializable)
oos.writeChar('a'); // char --> Character(实现了Serializable)
oos.writeDouble(2.5); // double --> Double(实现了Serializable)
oos.writeUTF("王大帝"); //String
oos.writeObject(new Dog("大黄", 2));
oos.close();
}
}
class Dog implements Serializable {
String name;
int age;
public Dog(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
反序列化
对象处理流细节
标准输入输出流
乱码引出转换流
问题:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 1. 创建字符出入流BufferedReader [处理流]
// 2. 读取文件“file01.txt”
// 3. 默认情况下,是按照utf-8编码(若是其他编码,则可能造成乱码)
String filePath = "E:\\file01.txt";
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath));
String s = reader.readLine();
System.out.println("读到的内容: " + s);
reader.close();
}
解决:
/**
* 演示使用InputStreamReader解决中文乱码问题
* 将字节流FileInputStream转成 字符流 InputStreamReader, 指定编码
*/
public class InputStreamReader {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String filePath = "E:\\file01.txt";
// 1. 把 FileInputStream 转为 InputStreamReader
// 2. 指定编码
java.io.InputStreamReader gbk = new java.io.InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(filePath), "gbk");
// 3. 把InputStreamReader传入 BufferedReader
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(gbk);
// 4. 读取
String str = reader.readLine();
System.out.println("读取:" + str);
// 5. 关闭外层流
reader.close();
}
}
public class OutputStreamWriter_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 编程将字节流FileOutputStream包装成(转换成)字符流OutputStreamWriter,对文件进行写入,可指定编码格式
String filePath = "E:\\wxl.txt";
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filePath), "gbk");
String s = "王**宇宙之神";
osw.write(s);
osw.close();
System.out.println("按照gbk格式保存成功~");
}
}
properties
常见方法: