Python新手学习（十五）：操作图像

19.操作图像
1）计算机图像基础
    a)颜色和RGBA值
      RGBA：红绿蓝和透明度 0-255
      ImageColor.getcolor(颜色名称，‘RGBA’) 返回RGBA元组
    b)坐标和Box元组
      图像像素以(x,y)坐标指定
      图块以Box4数元组指定，左上和右下（x1,y1,x2,y2）
2）用pillow操作图像
    from PIL import Image
    a)Image数据类型
      Image.open(fname) 打开图像文件
      size 图像大小 width height
      filename 图像文件名称
      format 图像格式 format_description 图像格式描述
      Image.convert(‘RGB’) 转换图像格式
      ！png格式是RGBA ，jpeg格式是RGB.png格式不能存成jpg，要转换
      Image.save(fname) 存储图像文件
      Image.new(‘RGBA’，（width,height）,bgcolor) 新生成一个空图像文件.
    b)裁剪图像
      Image.crop((x1,y1,x2,y2))
    c)复制粘贴到其他图像
      Image.copy() 图像复制
      Image.paste(sIm,（x,y）) 图像粘贴
      测试程序：test_1901.py 用猫头像覆盖猫身图片

from PIL import Image
import os

os.chdir('d:/temp')

catIm = Image.open('catz.png')
faceIm = catIm.crop((335,345,565,560))

catImWidth,catImHeight = catIm.size
faceImWidth,faceImHeight = faceIm.size
catCopyIm = catIm.copy()

for left in range(0,catImWidth,faceImWidth):
    for top in range(0,catImHeight,faceImHeight):
        print(left,top)
        catCopyIm.paste(faceIm,(left,top))

catCopyIm.save('catz_cp.png')

    d)调整图像大小
      Image.resize((newwidth,newheigth))
    e)旋转图像
      旋转图像Image.rorate(angle,expand=True|False)
      翻转图像Image.transpose() 
      FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT:左右翻转 FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM:上下翻转 
    f)更改单个像素
      测试程序：test_1902.py

from PIL import Image
import os

os.chdir('d:/temp')

im = Image.new('RGBA',(100,100))
im.getpixel((0,0))
print('B color 0,0:' + str(im.getpixel((0,0))))
for x in range(100):
    for y in range(50):
        im.putpixel((x,y),(210,210,210))

from PIL import ImageColor
for x in range(100):
    for y in range(50,100):
        im.putpixel((x,y),ImageColor.getcolor('darkgray','RGBA'))

print('U color 0,0:' + str(im.getpixel((0,0))))
print('U color 0,50:' + str(im.getpixel((0,50))))
im.save('putPixel.png')  

      Image.getpixel((x,y)) 取指定坐标的颜色值
      Image.putpixel((x,y),(RGB)) 设定指定坐标的颜色值
3）项目：添加徽标
    测试程序：test_1903.py
    ！！ 徽标素材图太大，改成100像素为好

#! python3 
# resizeandAddLogopy - Resizes all images in current working directory to fit 
# in a 300*300 square,and adds catlogo.png to the lower-right corner.

import os 
from PIL import Image

os.chdir('d:/temp')

SQUARE_FIT_SIZE = 800
LOGO_FILENAME = 'catlogo.png'

logoIm = Image.open(LOGO_FILENAME)
logoWidth,logoHeight = logoIm.size
os.makedirs('withLogo',exist_ok=True)

# Loop over all file in the working directory
for filename in os.listdir('.'):
    if not (filename.endswith('.png') or filename.endswith('.jpg')) or filename == LOGO_FILENAME:
        continue    # skip non-image files and the logo file itself

    im = Image.open(filename)
    width,height = im.size

    # Check if image needs to be resized.
    if width > height:
        height = int((SQUARE_FIT_SIZE/width)*height)
        width = SQUARE_FIT_SIZE
    else:
        width = int((SQUARE_FIT_SIZE / height) * width)
        height = SQUARE_FIT_SIZE
    
    # Resize th image.
    print('Resizing %s ...' % (filename))
    im = im.resize((width,height))

    # Add the logo.
    print('Adding logo to %s...' % (filename))
    im.paste(logoIm,(width - logoWidth,height- logoHeight),logoIm)

    # Save changes.
    im.save(os.path.join('withLogo',filename))

4）在图像上绘画
    ImageDraw模块
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im=Image.new())
    a)绘制形状
      点：point(xy,fill)
      线：line(xy,fill,width)
      矩形：rectangle(xy,fill,outline)
      椭圆：ellipse(xy,fill,outline)
      多边形：polygon(xy,fill,outline)
      测试程序：test_1904.py

from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont
import os

os.chdir('d:/temp')

im = Image.new('RGBA',(800,800),'white')
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
draw.line([(0,0),(799,0),(799,799),(0,799),(0,0)],fill='brown',width=10)
draw.rectangle((20,30,240,240),fill='blue')
draw.ellipse((480,120,640,240),fill='red',outline='blue')
draw.polygon(((228,348),(316,248),(372,340),(480,360),(412,452)),fill='brown')
for i in range(400,800,40):
    draw.line([(i,0),(800,i-400)],fill='green')

# text draw
draw.text((60,600),'Hello',fill='purple') 
fontsFolder = 'FONT_FOLDER001'
#arialFont = ImageFont.truetype(os.path.join(fontsFolder,'arial.ttf'),128)
textFont = ImageFont.truetype('FRSCRIPT.TTF',90)
draw.text((400,600),'Howdy',fill='red',font=textFont)

im.save('drawing.png')

    b)绘制文本
      文本：text((x,y),text ,fill,font)
      font = ImageFont.truetype(‘***.ttf’,charsize) 
      不必带入字体目录，系统会自己找相关目录，字体文件名大小写敏感。
      windows系统的字体文件在c:\windows\fonts目录下。
5）项目：在硬盘上识别照片文件夹
    测试程序：test_1905.py

#! python3
# Import modules and write comments to describe this program.
import os,PIL
from PIL import Image

for foldername,subfolders,filenames in os.walk('d:\\'):
    numPhotoFiles = 0
    numNonPhotoFiles = 0
    for filename in filenames:
        if not (filename.endswith('.png') or filename.endswith('.jpg')):
            numNonPhotoFiles += 1
            continue

        try:
            im = Image.open(os.path.join(foldername,filename))
        except PIL.UnidentifiedImageError:
            numNonPhotoFiles += 1
            continue
        
        width,height = im.size
        if width > 1000 and height > 1000:
            numPhotoFiles += 1
        else:
            numNonPhotoFiles += 1

    if numPhotoFiles > numNonPhotoFiles:
        print('Folder %s is Photo Directory(%s:%s)' % (foldername,numPhotoFiles,numNonPhotoFiles))