第九章、异常机制

一、异常的概念

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test2();
    }

    public static void test2(){
        System.out.println("111");
        try {
            int a=1/0;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("222");
    }
}

 

package com.myproject;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {
        test1();
        try {
            test2();
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        test3();
        System.out.println(test4());
    }

    //测试try-catch-finally
    public static void test1(){
        FileReader fr=null;
        try {
            fr=new FileReader("d:/a.txt");
            System.out.println((char) fr.read());
            System.out.println((char)fr.read());
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(fr!=null){
                try {
                    fr.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }

    //测试throws，声明式抛出
    public static void test2() throws ParseException {
        DateFormat df=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        String str="2009-10-1";
        Date date=df.parse(str);
        System.out.println(date);
    }

    /**
     * "try-with-resource",可以自动关闭实现了Closable接口的类
     * 编译器自动转换为try-catch-final
     */
    public static void test3(){
        try(FileReader fr=new FileReader("d:/a.txt")){
            System.out.println((char) fr.read());
            System.out.println((char)fr.read());
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static int test4(){
        int n=10;
        System.out.println("step1");
        try {
            System.out.println("step2");
            n=20;
            return n;
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            n=40;
            System.out.println("step3");
            return n;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 测试自定义异常
 */
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Person p=new Person();
        p.setAge(-20);
    }

}

/**
 * 不合法年龄异常
 */
class IllegalAgeException extends Exception{
    //创建一个无参构造器
    public IllegalAgeException() {
    }

    //创建一个带参构造器
    public IllegalAgeException(String message){
        super(message);
    }
}

class Person{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public void setAge(int age) throws IllegalAgeException{
        if(age<0){
            throw new IllegalAgeException("人的年龄不能是负数");
        }
        this.age=age;
    }

    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }

}