Android中有关Handler的使用(一)
一个Handler允许你发送和处理消息(Message)以及与一个线程的消息队列相关的Runnable对象。每个Handler实例都和单个线程以及该线程的消息队列有关。当你创建了一个新Handler,它就会和创建它的线程/消息队列绑定,在那以后,它就会传递消息以及runnable对象给消息队列,然后执行它们。
需要使用Handler有两大主要的原因:
(1)在将来的某个时间点调度处理消息和runnable对象;
(2)将需要执行的操作放到其他线程之中,而不是自己的;
调度处理消息是通过调用post(Runnable), postAtTime(Runnable, long), postDelayed(Runnable, long), sendEmptyMessage(int), sendMessage(Message), sendMessageAtTime(Message, long)和sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)等方法完成的。其中的post版本的方法可以让你将Runnable对象放进消息队列;sendMessage版本的方法可以让你将一个包含有bundle对象的消息对象放进消息队列,然后交由handleMessage(Message)方法处理。(这个需要你复写Handler的handleMessage方法)
【以上这段翻译自android sdk】
Handler在实际开发中是很常用的,主要是用来接收子线程发送的数据,然后主线程结合此数据来更新界面UI。
Android应用程序启动时,他会开启一个主线程(也就是UI线程),管理界面中的UI控件,进行事件派发,比如说:点击一个按钮,Android会分发事件到Button上从而来响应你的操作。但是当你需要执行一个比较耗时的操作的话,例如:进行IO操作,网络通信等等,若是执行时间超过5s,那么Android会弹出一个“经典”的ANR无响应对话框,然后提示按“Force quit”或是“Wait”。解决此类问题的方法就是:我们把一些耗时的操作放到子线程中去执行。但因为子线程涉及到UI更新,而Android主线程是线程不安全的,所以更新UI的操作只能放在主线程中执行,若是放在子线程中执行的话很会出问题。所以这时就需要一种机制:主线程可以发送“命令/任务”给子线程执行,然后子线程反馈执行结果;
!你必需要知道的:
若在主线程中实例化一个Handler对象,例如:
Handler mHandler = new Handler();
此时它并没有新派生一个线程来执行此Handler,而是将此Handler附加在主线程上,故此时若你在Handler中执行耗时操作的话,还是会弹出ANR对话框!
下面就Handler的使用举一些例子,加深理解。
1、post版本的Handler使用示例:
- package com.dxyh.test;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity
- implements OnClickListener {
- private final static String TAG = "HandlerTest";
- private final static int DELAY_TIME = 1000;
- private Button btnStart;
- private Button btnStop;
- Context mContext = null;
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- mContext = this;
- Log.i(TAG, "Main thread id = " +
- Thread.currentThread().getId());
- btnStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_start);
- btnStart.setOnClickListener(this);
- btnStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);
- btnStop.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View view) {
- switch (view.getId()) {
- case R.id.btn_start:
- mHandler.postDelayed(workRunnable, DELAY_TIME);
- break;
- case R.id.btn_stop:
- mHandler.removeCallbacks(workRunnable);
- break;
- }
- }
- Runnable workRunnable = new Runnable() {
- int counter = 0;
- public void run() {
- if (counter++ < 1) {
- Log.i(TAG, "workRunnable thread id = " +
- Thread.currentThread().getId());
- mHandler.postDelayed(workRunnable, DELAY_TIME);
- }
- }
- };
- Handler mHandler = new Handler();
- }
Logcat显示如下:
说明:发现thread id是相同的,这就说明:默认情况下创建的Handler会绑定到主线程上,你不能做太耗时的操作。
Android中有关Handler的使用(二)
2、sendMessage版本的Handler的使用
这里介绍几种模型:
a、默认的Handler(消息处理队列挂在主线程上)
- package com.dxyh.test;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity
- implements OnClickListener {
- private final static String TAG = "HandlerTest";
- private final static int TASK_BEGIN = 1;
- private final static int TASK_1 = 2;
- private final static int TASK_2 = 3;
- private final static int TASK_END = 4;
- private Button btnStart = null;
- private Button btnStop = null;
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- btnStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_start);
- btnStart.setOnClickListener(this);
- btnStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);
- btnStop.setOnClickListener(this);
- Log.i(TAG, "[M_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]");
- }
- Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
- // 注意:在各个case后面不能做太耗时的操作,否则出现ANR对话框
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case TASK_BEGIN:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_BEGIN");
- break;
- case TASK_1:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_1");
- break;
- case TASK_2:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_2");
- break;
- case TASK_END:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_END");
- finish();
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- public void onClick(View view) {
- switch (view.getId()) {
- case R.id.btn_start:
- // 启动任务(消息只有标识,立即投递)
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_BEGIN);
- Log.i(TAG, "Send TASK_BEGIN to handler.");
- // 开始任务1(在mHandler的消息队列中获取一个Message对象,避免重复构造)
- Message msg1 = mHandler.obtainMessage(TASK_1);
- msg1.obj = "This is task1";
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg1);
- Log.i(TAG, "Send TASK_1 to handler.");
- // 开启任务2(和上面类似)
- Message msg2 = Message.obtain();
- msg2.arg1 = 10;
- msg2.arg2 = 20;
- msg2.what = TASK_2;
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg2);
- Log.i(TAG, "Send TASK_2 to handler.");
- break;
- case R.id.btn_stop:
- // 结束任务(空消息体,延时2s投递)
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(TASK_END, 2000);
- Log.i(TAG, "Send TASK_END to handler.");
- break;
- }
- }
- }
运行结果:
b、消息队列仍绑定在主线程上,但在子线程中发送消息。
- package com.dxyh.test;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private final static String TAG = "HandlerTest";
- private final static int TASK_BEGIN = 1;
- private final static int TASK_1 = 2;
- private final static int TASK_2 = 3;
- private final static int TASK_END = 4;
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- Log.i(TAG, "[M_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "This is in main thread.");
- workThread.start();
- }
- Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
- // 注意:在各个case后面不能做太耗时的操作,否则出现ANR对话框
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case TASK_BEGIN:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_BEGIN");
- break;
- case TASK_1:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_1");
- break;
- case TASK_2:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_2");
- break;
- case TASK_END:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_END");
- finish();
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- Thread workThread = new Thread() {
- // 你可以在run方法内做任何耗时的操作,然后将结果以消息形式投递到主线程的消息队列中
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // 启动任务(消息只有标识,立即投递)
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_BEGIN);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_START to handler.");
- // 开始任务1(在mHandler的消息队列中获取一个Message对象,避免重复构造)
- Message msg1 = mHandler.obtainMessage(TASK_1);
- msg1.obj = "This is task1";
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg1);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_1 to handler.");
- // 开启任务2(和上面类似)
- Message msg2 = Message.obtain();
- msg2.arg1 = 10;
- msg2.arg2 = 20;
- msg2.what = TASK_2;
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg2);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_2 to handler.");
- // 结束任务(空消息体,延时2s投递)
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(TASK_END, 2000);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_END to handler.");
- }
- };
- }
运行结果:
c、将消息队列绑定到子线程上,主线程只管通过Handler往子线程的消息队列中投递消息即可。
- package com.dxyh.test;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.HandlerThread;
- import android.os.Looper;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private final static String TAG = "HandlerTest";
- private final static int TASK_BEGIN = 1;
- private final static int TASK_1 = 2;
- private final static int TASK_2 = 3;
- private final static int TASK_END = 4;
- private MyHandler mHandler = null;
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- Log.i(TAG, "[M_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "This is in main thread.");
- HandlerThread myLooperThread = new HandlerThread("my looper thread");
- myLooperThread.start();
- Looper looper = myLooperThread.getLooper();
- mHandler = new MyHandler(looper);
- // 启动任务(消息只有标识,立即投递)
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_BEGIN);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_START to handler.");
- // 开始任务1(在mHandler的消息队列中获取一个Message对象,避免重复构造)
- Message msg1 = mHandler.obtainMessage(TASK_1);
- msg1.obj = "This is task1";
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg1);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_1 to handler.");
- // 开启任务2(和上面类似)
- Message msg2 = Message.obtain();
- msg2.arg1 = 10;
- msg2.arg2 = 20;
- msg2.what = TASK_2;
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg2);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_2 to handler.");
- // 结束任务(空消息体,延时2s投递)
- mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(TASK_END, 2000);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_END to handler.");
- }
- class MyHandler extends Handler {
- public MyHandler(Looper looper) {
- super(looper);
- }
- // 现在在每个case之后,你可以做任何耗时的操作了
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case TASK_BEGIN:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_BEGIN");
- break;
- case TASK_1:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_1");
- break;
- case TASK_2:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_2");
- break;
- case TASK_END:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_END");
- finish();
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- }
- }
运行结果:
Android中有关Handler的使用(三)
d、自己创建新的线程,然后在新线程中创建Looper,主线程调用子线程中的发消息方法,将消息发给子线程的消息队列。
- package com.dxyh.test;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Looper;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private final static String TAG = "HandlerTest";
- private final static int TASK_BEGIN = 1;
- private final static int TASK_1 = 2;
- private final static int TASK_2 = 3;
- private final static int TASK_END = 4;
- private Handler workHandler = null;
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- Log.i(TAG, "[M_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "This is in main thread.");
- LooperThread testThread = new LooperThread();
- testThread.start();
- // 注意,这里需要等待一下,防止出现空指针异常
- while (null == workHandler) {
- }
- testThread.sendMessageTodoYourWork();
- }
- class LooperThread extends Thread {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Looper.prepare();
- workHandler = new Handler() {
- // 现在在每个case之后,你可以做任何耗时的操作了
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case TASK_BEGIN:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_BEGIN");
- break;
- case TASK_1:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_1");
- break;
- case TASK_2:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_2");
- break;
- case TASK_END:
- Log.i(TAG, "[H_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_END");
- Looper.myLooper().quit();
- finish();
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- Looper.loop();
- }
- public void sendMessageTodoYourWork() {
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_START to handler.");
- // 启动任务(消息只有标识,立即投递)
- workHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_BEGIN);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_1 to handler.");
- // 开始任务1(在workHandler的消息队列中获取一个Message对象,避免重复构造)
- Message msg1 = workHandler.obtainMessage(TASK_1);
- msg1.obj = "This is task1";
- workHandler.sendMessage(msg1);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_2 to handler.");
- // 开启任务2(和上面类似)
- Message msg2 = Message.obtain();
- msg2.arg1 = 10;
- msg2.arg2 = 20;
- msg2.what = TASK_2;
- workHandler.sendMessage(msg2);
- Log.i(TAG, "[S_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_END to handler.");
- // 结束任务(空消息体,延时2s投递)
- workHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(TASK_END, 2000);
- }
- }
- }
运行结果:
e、主/子线程均有一个消息队列,然后相互传递消息(这种方式是最灵活的,双向传递,也不复杂)
- package com.dxyh.test;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Looper;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private final static String TAG = "HandlerTest";
- private final static int TASK_BEGIN = 1;
- private final static int TASK_1 = 2;
- private final static int TASK_2 = 3;
- private final static int TASK_END = 4;
- private final static int TASK_BEGIN_OVER = 11;
- private final static int TASK_1_OVER = 12;
- private final static int TASK_2_OVER = 13;
- private final static int TASK_END_OVER = 14;
- private Handler workHandler = null;
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- Log.i(TAG, "[M_TID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "This is in main thread.");
- LooperThread testThread = new LooperThread();
- testThread.start();
- // 注意,这里需要等待一下,防止出现空指针异常
- while (null == workHandler) {
- }
- testThread.sendMessageTodoYourWork();
- }
- Handler mainHandler = new Handler () {
- // 在每个case之后,不能做耗时的操作
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case TASK_BEGIN_OVER:
- Log.i(TAG, "[MH_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] TASK_BEGIN_OVER");
- break;
- case TASK_1_OVER:
- Log.i(TAG, "[MH_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] TASK_1_OVER");
- break;
- case TASK_2_OVER:
- Log.i(TAG, "[MH_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] TASK_2_OVER");
- break;
- case TASK_END_OVER:
- Log.i(TAG, "[MH_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] TASK_END_OVER");
- finish();
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- class LooperThread extends Thread {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Looper.prepare();
- workHandler = new Handler() {
- // 现在在每个case之后,你可以做任何耗时的操作了
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case TASK_BEGIN:
- Log.i(TAG, "[ZH_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_BEGIN");
- // 做完之后报告信息给主线程
- mainHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_BEGIN_OVER);
- break;
- case TASK_1:
- Log.i(TAG, "[ZH_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_1");
- // 做完之后报告信息给主线程
- mainHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_1_OVER);
- break;
- case TASK_2:
- Log.i(TAG, "[ZH_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_2");
- // 做完之后报告信息给主线程
- mainHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_2_OVER);
- break;
- case TASK_END:
- Log.i(TAG, "[ZH_TID:" +
- Thread.currentThread().getId() + "] Get TASK_END");
- Looper.myLooper().quit();
- // 做完之后报告信息给主线程
- mainHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_END_OVER);
- Looper.myLooper().quit();
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- Looper.loop();
- }
- public void sendMessageTodoYourWork() {
- Log.i(TAG, "[ZS_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_START to handler.");
- // 启动任务(消息只有标识,立即投递)
- workHandler.sendEmptyMessage(TASK_BEGIN);
- Log.i(TAG, "[ZS_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_1 to handler.");
- // 开始任务1(在workHandler的消息队列中获取一个Message对象,避免重复构造)
- Message msg1 = workHandler.obtainMessage(TASK_1);
- msg1.obj = "This is task1";
- workHandler.sendMessage(msg1);
- Log.i(TAG, "[ZS_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_2 to handler.");
- // 开启任务2(和上面类似)
- Message msg2 = Message.obtain();
- msg2.arg1 = 10;
- msg2.arg2 = 20;
- msg2.what = TASK_2;
- workHandler.sendMessage(msg2);
- Log.i(TAG, "[ZS_ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "]" +
- "Send TASK_END to handler.");
- // 结束任务(空消息体,延时2s投递)
- workHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(TASK_END, 2000);
- }
- }
- }
运行结果:
小结:Handler在Android中是很常用的,或是用来更新UI,或是派发任务给子线程去执行,也可以用来产生超时效果,比如用sendMessageDelayed(TASK_TIMEOUT, OUT_TIME)方法。