【C++BFS】1091. 二进制矩阵中的最短路径

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-02 23:29:10 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-09-02 23:29:10 发布
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文章标签： c++ 宽度优先 力扣 算法 网格 最短路径 八连通
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本文涉及知识点

C++BFS算法

LeetCode1091. 二进制矩阵中的最短路径

给你一个 n x n 的二进制矩阵 grid 中，返回矩阵中最短 畅通路径 的长度。如果不存在这样的路径，返回 -1 。
二进制矩阵中的 畅通路径 是一条从 左上角 单元格（即，(0, 0)）到 右下角 单元格（即，(n - 1, n - 1)）的路径，该路径同时满足下述要求：
路径途经的所有单元格的值都是 0 。
路径中所有相邻的单元格应当在 8 个方向之一 上连通（即，相邻两单元之间彼此不同且共享一条边或者一个角）。
畅通路径的长度 是该路径途经的单元格总数。
示例 1：
在这里插入图片描述

输入：grid = [[0,1],[1,0]]
输出：2
示例 2：

在这里插入图片描述

输入：grid = [[0,0,0],[1,1,0],[1,1,0]]
输出：4
示例 3：

输入：grid = [[1,0,0],[1,1,0],[1,1,0]]
输出：-1

提示：

n == grid.length
n == grid[i].length
1 <= n <= 100
grid[i][j] 为 0 或 1

C++BFS

预处理：建立邻接表neiBo。
BFS的状态表示：leves[i]记录经过i个单格可以到达的点。
BFS的后续状态：通过next枚举neiBo[cur]。
BFS的初始值：如果grid[0][0]为0，leves[0]={{0,0}},否则leves[0]为空。
BFS的返回值：枚举到(n-1,n-1)返回i，否则返回-1。
BFS的重复处理：dis[r][c]记录(0,0)到(r,c)最短距离。dis[r][c]为-1,表示未处理。

代码

核心代码

class Solution {
		public:
			int shortestPathBinaryMatrix(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
				if (0 != grid[0][0]) { return -1; }
				m_c = grid.size();
				vector<vector<pair<int, int>>> neiBo(m_c * m_c);
				auto AddNeiBo = [&](int r, int c, int r1, int c1) {
					if (1 == grid[r][c]) { return; }
					if ((r1 < 0) || (r1 >= m_c)) { return; }
					if ((c1 < 0) || (c1 >= m_c)) { return; }
					if (1 == grid[r1][c1]) { return; }
					neiBo[Mask(r, c)].emplace_back(r1, c1);
				};
				int moves[][2] = { {-1,0},{0,1},{1,0},{0,-1},{1,1},{1,-1},{-1,1},{-1,-1} };
				for (int r = 0; r < m_c; r++) {
					for (int c = 0; c < m_c; c++) {
						for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(moves) / sizeof(moves[0]); i++) {
							AddNeiBo(r, c, r + moves[i][0], c + moves[i][1]);
						}
					}
				}
				vector<vector<int>> vDis(m_c, vector<int>(m_c, -1));
				queue<pair<int, int>> que;
				auto Add = [&](int r, int c, int iDis) {					
					if (-1 != vDis[r][c]) { return; }
					vDis[r][c] = iDis;
					que.emplace(r, c);
				};
				Add(0, 0, 1);
				while (que.size()) {
					const auto [r, c] = que.front();
					que.pop();
					if ((r + 1 == m_c) && (c + 1 == m_c)) { return vDis[r][c]; }
					for (const auto& [r1, c1] : neiBo[Mask(r, c)]) {
						Add(r1, c1, vDis[r][c] + 1);
					}
				}
				return -1;
			}
			inline int Mask(int r, int c) { return m_c * r + c; }
			int m_c;
		};

单元测试

	vector<vector<int>> grid;
		TEST_METHOD(TestMethod1)
		{
			grid = { {1} };
			auto res = Solution().shortestPathBinaryMatrix(grid);
			AssertEx(-1, res);
		}
		TEST_METHOD(TestMethod2)
		{
			grid = { {0} };
			auto res = Solution().shortestPathBinaryMatrix(grid);
			AssertEx(1, res);
		}
		TEST_METHOD(TestMethod3)
		{
			grid = { {1,0},{0,0} };
			auto res = Solution().shortestPathBinaryMatrix(grid);
			AssertEx(-1, res);
		}
		TEST_METHOD(TestMethod4)
		{
			grid = { {0,0},{0,1} };
			auto res = Solution().shortestPathBinaryMatrix(grid);
			AssertEx(-1, res);
		}
		TEST_METHOD(TestMethod11)
		{
			grid = { {0,1},{1,0} };
			auto res = Solution().shortestPathBinaryMatrix(grid);
			AssertEx(2, res);
		}
		TEST_METHOD(TestMethod12)
		{
			grid = { {0,0,0},{1,1,0},{1,1,0} };
			auto res = Solution().shortestPathBinaryMatrix(grid);
			AssertEx(4, res);
		}
		TEST_METHOD(TestMethod13)
		{
			grid = { {1,0,0},{1,1,0},{1,1,0} };
			auto res = Solution().shortestPathBinaryMatrix(grid);
			AssertEx(-1, res);
		}
		TEST_METHOD(TestMethod14)
		{
			grid = { 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,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0},{1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0},{1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1},{0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0},{0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0},{0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0},{0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1},{1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1},{0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1},{1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0},{1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0},{0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1},{0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1},{1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},{1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0},{1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1},{0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1},{1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},{0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1},{1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0},{0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1},{0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1},{0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0},{0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1},{0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0},{0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0} };
			auto res = Solution().shortestPathBinaryMatrix(grid);
			AssertEx(146, res);
		}

扩展阅读

我想对大家说的话
工作中遇到的问题，可以按类别查阅鄙人的算法文章，请点击《算法与数据汇总》。
学习算法：按章节学习《喜缺全书算法册》，大量的题目和测试用例，打包下载。重视操作
有效学习：明确的目标 及时的反馈 拉伸区（难度合适） 专注
闻缺陷则喜(喜缺)是一个美好的愿望，早发现问题，早修改问题，给老板节约钱。
子墨子言之：事无终始，无务多业。也就是我们常说的专业的人做专业的事。
如果程序是一条龙，那算法就是他的是睛
失败+反思=成功 成功+反思=成功

视频课程

先学简单的课程，请移步CSDN学院，听白银讲师（也就是鄙人）的讲解。
https://edu.csdn.net/course/detail/38771
如何你想快速形成战斗了，为老板分忧，请学习C#入职培训、C++入职培训等课程
https://edu.csdn.net/lecturer/6176

测试环境

操作系统：win7 开发环境： VS2019 C++17
或者 操作系统：win10 开发环境： VS2022 C++17
如无特殊说明，本算法用**C++**实现。

闻缺陷则喜何志丹
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